Exercise Circulatory System

When we exercise circulatory system, respiratory system and muscles are affected. Short term effects are immediate and long term refers to our adaptation to exercise. After an intense exercise we are still breathing heavily, that is due to our internal respiration taking in more oxygen or cellular respiration (where the cells converts the food into energy or releases the molecules of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen which make up our food and are stored to higher cells known as ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). There are three biochemical energy sources for rebuilding ATP. Although the aerobic system produces the largest amount of energy that muscles needs, however the energy is at lowest intensity. This creates complex reactions
The system produces 2ATP for each glucose molecule producing the lactic acid in such way. Although it lasts up to 7 minutes , the less intense the activity the longer it will last. Its by-product is pyruvic acid( made of two molecules pyruvate and a hydrogen ion) and without oxygen the body converts it to lactate. As the lactate is removed from the muscle is taken to the liver to be converted as a fuel source. Conversely in the presence of oxygen is converted into a coenzyme to be broken down through the Krebs cycle o produce more ATP. In a persistent high intensity activity the lactate cannot be removed fast enough and results in a build up of pyruvic acid. The fatigue is a build up of the hydrogen ion, which increases the acidity in the muscle and slows down the enzymes. Chemical reactions add a phosphate group to replenish ATP, which in presence of oxygen is called aerobic metabolism( conversely without oxygen is anaerobic metabolism). Other substrates of energy sources stored inside the cell is called creatine phosphate. Is stored mostly in the muscles, therefore doesn’t require fat, sugar or oxygen; produces rapidly ATP and lasts for a very short period of