Study Guide for Human Nutrition Test
HUN1201 Exam III Study Guide
Chapter 14
1) Fuel/energy needs for Physical Activity (different intensities), during and post exercise
-Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): o The energy-carrying molecule in the body
(ATP must be generated continuously since muscles store only enough ATP for 1–3 secs of activity) -Creatine phosphate (CP):
• Stores energy that can be used to make ATP
• 3−15 seconds of maximal physical effort
*(0-3 sec) 100% ATP/CP
*(10-12 sec) 50% ATP/CP 50% Carbohydrates
*(4-6 min) 6% ATP/CP 94% Carbohydrates
*(32-40 min) 100% Carbohydrates
*(2-3 hr) 75% Carbohydrates, 20% Fat, 5% Other
*(5-7 hr) 65% Fat 35% Carbohydrates
-After creatine phosphate, glucose is the next source of energy for ATP production
-Glucose provides ATP
• Glycolysis
-Glucose source during exercise:
Muscle glycogen & blood glucose
Glycogen stores are limited
-Triglycerides (fats) can be metabolized to generate ATP
• For low-intensity exercise
• For exercise of long duration (marathons)
• 2x more energy/g as CHO
• Slow in breaking down
• Primary energy source during rest, sitting, and standing in place; also endurance events.
****Carbohydrates are mostly used for high-intensity activity
****Fats are used for low-intensity exercise
****Proteins (amino acids) are not used as a fuel source for exercise
2) Nutrient needs for vigorous exercise
Carbohydrates needs
-Athletes
• 45−65% of total energy from CHO
-Following exercise:
• CHO + PTN
• Enhance muscle protein synthesis
• Optimize glycogen storage
• First 4−6 hours of recovery
-Complex, less-processed carbohydrates: whole grains, fruits, and vegetables supply fiber, vitamins, and minerals
**** When a low carbohydrate is consumed, glycogen stores cannot be restored during a period of regular vigorous training.
****Training Effects on Fat Metabolism
• Increased number and activity of enzymes involved in fat metabolism
• Improved ability of muscles to store fat
• Improved
Chapter 14
1) Fuel/energy needs for Physical Activity (different intensities), during and post exercise
-Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): o The energy-carrying molecule in the body
(ATP must be generated continuously since muscles store only enough ATP for 1–3 secs of activity) -Creatine phosphate (CP):
• Stores energy that can be used to make ATP
• 3−15 seconds of maximal physical effort
*(0-3 sec) 100% ATP/CP
*(10-12 sec) 50% ATP/CP 50% Carbohydrates
*(4-6 min) 6% ATP/CP 94% Carbohydrates
*(32-40 min) 100% Carbohydrates
*(2-3 hr) 75% Carbohydrates, 20% Fat, 5% Other
*(5-7 hr) 65% Fat 35% Carbohydrates
-After creatine phosphate, glucose is the next source of energy for ATP production
-Glucose provides ATP
• Glycolysis
-Glucose source during exercise:
Muscle glycogen & blood glucose
Glycogen stores are limited
-Triglycerides (fats) can be metabolized to generate ATP
• For low-intensity exercise
• For exercise of long duration (marathons)
• 2x more energy/g as CHO
• Slow in breaking down
• Primary energy source during rest, sitting, and standing in place; also endurance events.
****Carbohydrates are mostly used for high-intensity activity
****Fats are used for low-intensity exercise
****Proteins (amino acids) are not used as a fuel source for exercise
2) Nutrient needs for vigorous exercise
Carbohydrates needs
-Athletes
• 45−65% of total energy from CHO
-Following exercise:
• CHO + PTN
• Enhance muscle protein synthesis
• Optimize glycogen storage
• First 4−6 hours of recovery
-Complex, less-processed carbohydrates: whole grains, fruits, and vegetables supply fiber, vitamins, and minerals
**** When a low carbohydrate is consumed, glycogen stores cannot be restored during a period of regular vigorous training.
****Training Effects on Fat Metabolism
• Increased number and activity of enzymes involved in fat metabolism
• Improved ability of muscles to store fat
• Improved