Explain 2 Theories in Relation to the Development of 2 Individuals. M2 M3 D2

The two theories of ageing

The worlds oldest marathon runner
The worlds oldest marathon runner is called Farju Singh, he has finally just retired at the age of 101.He ran his first marathon aged 89 to overcome depression after the death of his wife and his son. This proves the activity theory and, by staying active, will have a major effect on all parts of his development. It will effect him physically because it will improve his health and delay or stop it from deteriorating. It will improve his life expectancy and his day to day life. Because he is staying active this will improve his health in terms of his day to day acivities, he will have more energy and find it easier to do things like go shopping and go for walks. Being a marathon runner will effect him socially because he won't be stuck in his house all day having no contact with the outside world. Instead, he is going out, meeting new people and keeping in contact with the world. Keeping active will effect him emotionally because he is less likely to suffer from depression again while his mind is on other things like running the marathons. Because he is going out, meeting new people and staying busy, he won't constantly think about the bad things that have happened or are happening in his life like the death of his wife. Keeping active will keep his mind of these things and give him something to focus on.

If Farju Singh was to stop running marathons and just sit in his house or a care home all day, this would affect him physically because he wont be keeping active and getting enough excercise so his health would deteriorate and his weight would increase. It would affect him emotionally because he might not have anyone to talk to and also, he wouldnt have anything to use as a release. Exercise is often used as a method to get anger out or to deal with emotions and if he didnt have that, his mental health might be affected and detoriorate. It would affect him socially because he wouldnt have as many people to talk to as he does when he's excercising. If he's stuck in the house all day, he might lose contact with his friends and family and be alone all the time. This in turn would affect him emotionally because it might make him upset that he doesnt have anyone to socialise with.

Bruce Forsyth is a TV presentor and has spent 72 years in showbiz. He is 85 years old and is currently still presenting Strictly Come Dancing. Working at such an old age would benefit him in a variety of ways. Physically, he is a lot more fit than he would have been if he was just in his house all of the time. He will have a beter healh than someone his age who isnt working or staying active. It will affect him intellectually because he is constantly around new and different people so he will always learning new things. It would affect him emotionally because he will have a lot more people to interact with than if he wasnt working, he is less likely to get bored and he willhave less time to think about bad things that have happened. It will affect him socially because he will always be meeting and interacting with new people, which will keep him interested.

If Bruce Forsyth didn't still work this would affect him physically becasue his health would deteriorate. He wouldnt be moving as much so therefore would become out of breath more easily and doing day to day activities would become increasingly harder. It would affect him emotionally because he wouldnt be interacting with the outside world, he migiht start to feel alone, this might affect his mental health as it does in so many older adults because they feel closed in. He would be more likely to suffer from a mental health disease like dimentia.

How the Social Disengagement Thory will have an impact on health and social care services
The social desengagement theory will have a huge impact on health and social care services becasue a lot more people will have to be treated for various things. More older people would have to be placed in care homes or have a domicillary care worker becasue they would start to rely on the care or others. They would start to need 24 hour care because aspects of their health have detoriorated. This would mean providing more care homes and employing more staff to work in the care homes and employing more staff to go out to peoples homes. Also, a lot of money would be spent on care homes so they can accomodate more residents to cope with the increase in older people needing care. A lot more money would be spent on the mental health sector of the health and social care services because more older people would be suffering from deseases such as dementia. This would mean spending more money on training health and social care staff so they specialise in mental health. It would affect hospitals because as older peoples health is quite bad, they would need to employ more doctors and nurses to deal with the increase. Also, hospitals would have to be made bigger to accomodate the increasing number of patients. Health and social care services such as cae homes and hospitals would become increasingly overcrowded to accomondate the patients, therefore making it uncomfortable for everyone. Also, alot of money would be spent dealing with the increase in patients that there wouldnt be enough money left for other secors of the health and social care service.

How the Activity Theory Will have an imact on health and social care services
The Activity theory will have an impact on health and social care services because a lot of money would be spent in care homes on things such as kareoke machines, art and craft equipment and day trips. Money would be spent on activities for older people such as day centres and organised trips. If these services are used, it would reduce they money needed to be spent on other things such as more health and social care staff and accomodation. Hospital staff wouldn't be strained and there would be alot more money for hospitals to spend on other sectors such as paediatric care and the accident and emergency department.Money woud be spent on preventing things that come with the ageing process rather than treating it which would save the health and social care services a lot of money.

Physical and Psycological Changes Associated With Ageing
Physical
A number of physical changes occur as adults reach age 65. The most common are
Hearing impairment among older adults is often moderate or mild, yet it is widespread; 48 percent of men and 37 percent of women over age 75 experience hearing difficulties.
Visual changes among aging adults include problems with reading speed, seeing in dim light, reading small print, and locating objects.
The amount of time it takes to respond to features in the environment once they are detected is typically slower among older adults.
The proportion of older adults needing assistance with everyday activities increases with age. Nine percent of those between ages 65 and 69 need personal assistance, while up to 50 percent of older peoplve over 85 need assistance with everyday activities.
The top five causes of death among older adults are heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease (relating to the blood vessels that supply the brain), pneumonia and flu, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Psychological
There are a number of psychological problems associated with aging:
Dementia affects between 5 and 7 percent of adults over age 65 and 30 percent of those aged over 85. People with dimentia often suffer from depression, anxiety and paranoia.
The incidence of sexual dysfunction increases with age for both men and women.

Sleep problems increase with age, and about one-half of those over age 80 complain of sleep difficulty.
Depression is a negative emotion frequently characterized by sadness, feelings of helplessness, and a sense of loss. Those with depression are likely to have an abrupt onset of symptoms, a history of psychiatric problems, decreased motivation, and a tendency to complain about their memory problems. However, depression among noninstitutionalized older adults is less prevalent than depression in younger adults.
Behavior disorders in those over age 65 can take the form of physical aggression, motor overactivity (wandering), and disruptive verbal outbursts. Common causes of behavior disorders include delirium, depression, dementia, and psychosis.
Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive disease that leaves a victim unable to form new memories and is marked by the loss of other mental functions. One of the primary symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease is the inability to recall newly learned information, such as a change of address, and disorientation. The onset of Alzheimer's is often gradual, occurring over a period of 8 to 20 years. At first, victims suffer memory loss and often get lost--even in their own homes. Eventually, they may fail to recognize other people, including family; show childish emotions; and lose the ability to dress and clean themselves. The Effects on Self Esteem and Self Confidence of the Physical Changes Associated With Ageing
Many older people dread the process of againg because of the effects it has on your body and appearence. As you age, you get wrinkles and laughter lines, older people seem to be very embarrased by these and more creams and treatments have been brough out and sold in shops to prevent wrinkles and treat them. Some older people use botox which tightnes the skin wherever you have it. Celebrities such as Simon Cowell and Katie Price admit to having botox out of fear of looking older. Although many people who can't afford treatments and creams go without or try home remedies and when these dont work, their self esteem and self confidence is severely affected, They start to feel embarrased to go out and feel like people may laugh or stare at them. They will begin to obsess over their insecuriies until it gets in the way of their everyday life like going to work or going shopping. When people age, their skin begins to sag. Particularly in women, they feel insecure about this and begin to feel embarrassed wearing certain clothes and getting undressed in front of their partners. They might choose to get surgary but if they cant afford it, they may again let the obsession affect their every day activities like going to work or going shopping.