Explain The Different Psychological Approaches To Health And Social Care Practice

P2: Explaining different psychological approaches to healthcare practice.
In this report, I will be explaining the different the six psychological perspectives and their approaches to healthcare practice. These psychological perspectives are the biological, behaviourists, behavioural, psychodynamic, social learning and humanistic.
Behaviourist approach
The behaviourist theory was brought up by Pavlov. It’s an act according to need and reward. Behaviour is reinforced; it could be either punishment or reward. Focuses on observed event. Pleasant and unpleasant consequences were the two terms that explained reinforcement. The behaviorist theory believes that once you see changes in s child’s behavior, then that means something new has been learnt. The behavioral learning model is a result of conditioning.
A reward followed by a desirable response acts as a reinforcement and this is likely to make that response repeat itself or would want the individual to repeat that behavior.
For example, a child would have might to go to the hospital for treatment and might need an injection but might be too scared and so the nurse might reassure him that he’s a big boy and that it doesn’t hurt so basically, to give the patient a immediate reinforcement, the nurse will look for a positive behavior
Cognitive approach
The last psychological approach is the cognitive theory by a theorist also known as Jean Piaget. He became intrigued with the reasons children gave for their wrong answers on the questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these incorrect answers revealed important differences between the thinking of adults and children. He came up with four stages: sensory motor which occur between the ages (0-2), this is when children develop the five senses which are sight, taste, hearing, touch and smell. They develop physical skills.
Humanistic
approach
The humanist theory by Abraham Maslow. If basic needs are met and esteem needs are met, a person will self actualise will reach full potential. He came up with the Maslow hierarchy which explained that a person has to have basic need to sustain life, and then find safety, then social needs, esteem and the self actualisation. If the deficit needs are not met it will be hard and impossible to learn
Biological approach
The biological theory by Arnold Gesell explained that, intellect is determined by genes. It is to do with inheritance. He believed that behaviour, skills, looks, personality, is a result of genetic traits. All humans and grow according to the same pattern in roughly similar range. Arnold said it was important because any problems could be easily detected and early. He said there’s nothing going on with you that haven’t been done in your ancestry stream and it not changeable. For example, a baby might be suffering from down syndrome and the doctors and parents might not know the cause of it or if it was developed so the family history of parents can be checked and there might be a series of down syndrome in their ancestral stream and that will make it easier for the health professionals to detect the cause. brother when he tells him it doesn’t hurt. So basically, he’ll be imitating his brother.
Psychodynamic approach
The psychodynamic theory by Freud he came up the development of personality and psychosexual stages. He developed the theory that humans have an unconscious in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy against them.

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