Felodipine Essay
Felodipine is a vasoselective calcium channel antagonist of the dihydropyridine class used in the management of hypertension. It is chemically described as ethyl methyl 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimetylpyridine-3,5-di-carboxylate. Estimation of felodipine in biological samples and human plasma has been reported by gas chromatographic (GC) (Soons et al 1990) and liquid chromatographic (LC) methods. Estimation and separation of the metabolites of felodipine in biological samples have been identified by liquid chromatographic methods. Reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) and spectrophotometer methods are commonly used methods to determine felodipine content in pharmaceuticals (Sridevi et al 2011). Felodipine reversibly competes with nitrendipine and/or other calcium channel blockers for
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dihydropyridine binding sites, blocks voltage-dependent Ca++ currents in vascular smooth muscle. The side effects of the felodipine drug are dizziness, weakness, chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, an unusually fast or slow heartbeat, coma, slurred speech, and confusion.
Generally, calcium antagonists are important in the treatment of hypertension. Among all known hypertensive agents dihydropyridine derivatives (DHP) have gained the most approval. Therefore, selective, sensitive analytical methods for the quantitative evaluation of the drugs and their metabolites are important for the successful conduct of preclinical and/or bio-pharmaceutical and clinical pharmacology studies. Bio-analytical method validation for paracetamol drug includes the parameters such as accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility and sensitivity. All this validation methods are applicable to bio-analytical methods such as Gas Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Unfortunately the most undesirable feature of drugs containing the DHP (dihydropyridine) group is high sensitivity to light .Such drugs are regarded as photo labile. Therefore the photo stability testing has become an important stage of new drug design, production and
delivery. Some drugs degrade very rapidly where as others undergo photo degradation at the moderate rate and the effects may not by visually apparent (Blessy et al., 2013). It is quite evident that photochemical tests should be performed at an early stage of drug development to implement adequate procedures of production and handling. Proper elucidation of decomposition pathways and determination of the main photoproducts is essential for selection of formulation type, protective packaging, or further indication for administration.
Literature Survey:
Soons et al. 1990 developed a method for the determination of felodipine in human plasma using capillary gas chromatography.
Cardoza and amin 2001 developed an assay of felodipine with the parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision and specificity.
Sridevi et al 2011 developed a simple reverse phase liquid chromatography and mass spectrophotometric method for estimation of felodipine in plasma, the obtained results are useful to estimate felodipine in body fluids and biological samples.
Blessy et al 2013 discussed in their review about the current trends in performance of force degradation and method development for studying the stability of the new drug substances.
Liandong et al 2013 developed a validated stability indicating HPLC method for the determination of Felodipine
dihydropyridine binding sites, blocks voltage-dependent Ca++ currents in vascular smooth muscle. The side effects of the felodipine drug are dizziness, weakness, chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, an unusually fast or slow heartbeat, coma, slurred speech, and confusion.
Generally, calcium antagonists are important in the treatment of hypertension. Among all known hypertensive agents dihydropyridine derivatives (DHP) have gained the most approval. Therefore, selective, sensitive analytical methods for the quantitative evaluation of the drugs and their metabolites are important for the successful conduct of preclinical and/or bio-pharmaceutical and clinical pharmacology studies. Bio-analytical method validation for paracetamol drug includes the parameters such as accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility and sensitivity. All this validation methods are applicable to bio-analytical methods such as Gas Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Unfortunately the most undesirable feature of drugs containing the DHP (dihydropyridine) group is high sensitivity to light .Such drugs are regarded as photo labile. Therefore the photo stability testing has become an important stage of new drug design, production and
delivery. Some drugs degrade very rapidly where as others undergo photo degradation at the moderate rate and the effects may not by visually apparent (Blessy et al., 2013). It is quite evident that photochemical tests should be performed at an early stage of drug development to implement adequate procedures of production and handling. Proper elucidation of decomposition pathways and determination of the main photoproducts is essential for selection of formulation type, protective packaging, or further indication for administration.
Literature Survey:
Soons et al. 1990 developed a method for the determination of felodipine in human plasma using capillary gas chromatography.
Cardoza and amin 2001 developed an assay of felodipine with the parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision and specificity.
Sridevi et al 2011 developed a simple reverse phase liquid chromatography and mass spectrophotometric method for estimation of felodipine in plasma, the obtained results are useful to estimate felodipine in body fluids and biological samples.
Blessy et al 2013 discussed in their review about the current trends in performance of force degradation and method development for studying the stability of the new drug substances.
Liandong et al 2013 developed a validated stability indicating HPLC method for the determination of Felodipine