The practice is mostly carried out by traditional circumcisers, who often play other central roles in communities, such as attending childbirths. nevertheless, more than 18% of all FGM is performed by health care providers, and this trend is increasing. The practice has no health benefits for girls and women.
Female genital mutilation is classified into four major types. 1. Clitoridectomy: partial or total removal of the clitoris (a small, sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals) and, in very rare cases, only the prepuce (the fold of skin surrounding the clitoris). 2. Excision: partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (the labia are "the lips" that surround the vagina). 3. Infibulation: narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the inner, or outer, labia, with or without removal of the clitoris. 4. Other: all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area.
The practice can cause severe bleeding and problems urinating, and later cysts, infections, infertility and in addition complications in childbirth increased danger of newborn deaths.
Practices are mostly carried out on young girls sometime between infancy and age 15, and occasionally on adult women. In Africa, about three million girls are at risk for FGM annually.An estimated 140 million girls and women worldwide are living with the