Final exam Review Guide
601 Final Exam Review Guide
CH 9: Quantitative Research Design p. 201-235
• Random numbers tables (how are they used in research) p.207 o Researchers can use a table of random numbers to randomize. A small portion of such a table is shown in Table 9.2. In a table of random numbers, any digit from 0 to 9 is equally likely to follow any other digit.
• Types of research designs:
1. Cohort: A non-experimental design in which a defined group of people (a cohort) is followed overtime to study outcomes for subsets of the cohorts; also called a prospective design. P. 234 prospective (cohort) designs (studies that begin with a presumed cause and look forward in time for its effect.
2. Randomized controlled (trial): A full experimental test of an intervention, involving random assignment to treatment groups; sometimes, phase III of a full clinical trial.
Experiments (or randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) involve manipulation (the researcher manipulates the independent variable by introducing a treatment or intervention); control (including use of a control group that is not given the intervention and represents the comparative counterfactual); and randomization or random assignment (with people allocated to experimental and control groups at random to form groups that are comparable at the outset). P. 232
3. Factorial: (p.214) experimental designs in which two or more independent variables are simultaneously manipulated, permitting a separate analysis of the main effects of the independent variables and their interaction.
• Terms (know definition and applicability)
• Counterfactual: ch 9 (p. 202) In a research context, a counterfactual is what would have happened to the same people exposed to a causal factor if they simultaneously were not exposed to the causal factor. An effect represents the difference between what actually did happen with the exposure and what would have happened without it. This counterfactual model is an idealized conception that can
CH 9: Quantitative Research Design p. 201-235
• Random numbers tables (how are they used in research) p.207 o Researchers can use a table of random numbers to randomize. A small portion of such a table is shown in Table 9.2. In a table of random numbers, any digit from 0 to 9 is equally likely to follow any other digit.
• Types of research designs:
1. Cohort: A non-experimental design in which a defined group of people (a cohort) is followed overtime to study outcomes for subsets of the cohorts; also called a prospective design. P. 234 prospective (cohort) designs (studies that begin with a presumed cause and look forward in time for its effect.
2. Randomized controlled (trial): A full experimental test of an intervention, involving random assignment to treatment groups; sometimes, phase III of a full clinical trial.
Experiments (or randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) involve manipulation (the researcher manipulates the independent variable by introducing a treatment or intervention); control (including use of a control group that is not given the intervention and represents the comparative counterfactual); and randomization or random assignment (with people allocated to experimental and control groups at random to form groups that are comparable at the outset). P. 232
3. Factorial: (p.214) experimental designs in which two or more independent variables are simultaneously manipulated, permitting a separate analysis of the main effects of the independent variables and their interaction.
• Terms (know definition and applicability)
• Counterfactual: ch 9 (p. 202) In a research context, a counterfactual is what would have happened to the same people exposed to a causal factor if they simultaneously were not exposed to the causal factor. An effect represents the difference between what actually did happen with the exposure and what would have happened without it. This counterfactual model is an idealized conception that can