Preview

Foreign Policy of Pakistan from 1947 to 2012

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
10136 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Foreign Policy of Pakistan from 1947 to 2012
Pakistan Foreign Policy: Form 1947 to 2012 Shahnawaz Mohammad Khan PhD Candidate Department of International Relations FUUAST
Introduction

Foreign policies generally are designed to help protect a country’s national interest—national security, ideological goals, and economic prosperity. Owing to the anarchic nature of the international political system and the absence of a world government, states tend to feel a high degree of insecurity, as there is no guarantee of the security of a state in the system because war is the legitimate instrument of foreign policy of a state. Hence, each state knows that it has to depend on itself for its preservation and safety. Self-protection is the sole protection in an essentially anarchical system. The primary objective of this paper is to examine Pakistan’s foreign policy making and to analyze it in different eras.
Pakistan Foreign Policy
Pakistan’s foreign policy is an important and challenging subject, which has engaged the interest of scholars, analysts and researchers. Thus, the course of Pakistan’s foreign policy has been complex, and has passed through several stages during post independence political development. In the early years it generally adhered to a neutralist course. Then, it departed from this course, and became part of the US Containment Policy against USSR. Consequently, Pakistan got involved into Cold War global politics

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    In his book, 7 Deadly Scenerios, Andrew Krepinevich, explores a wide range of non-conventional sources of threat to United States security. Of these, threats he dedicates a chapter to Pakistan’s political and socioeconomic failures. Pakistan, reeling from the assassination of its president on Feb. 24, 2013, faced a week economy, strained relations with India, sectarian conflict, and a fragile democracy. As the government slowly lost its credibility and control on its people, the Loyalist army leaders attempted to impose control and order per their orders. This time they faced a problem – “they had to contend with Islamist elements within the armed forces, led by a clique of young colonels and a few junior generals, who command perhaps a third…

    • 396 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    Many presidents of the United States of America have constructed doctrines during their terms in office that have come to define their foreign policy aims, from James Monroe in 1823 right up until the very recent Bush Doctrine. This essay will focus on three of these doctrines, namely the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, the Truman Doctrine of 1947 and the Reagan Doctrine of 1984. Although there are many other presidential doctrines in the history of American foreign policy, several of these, such as Polk’s doctrine in 1845 and the Eisenhower Doctrine of 1957, appear to simply be reiterations of previous presidential doctrines. We will see that, although rhetoric is used quite freely in the president’s announcements of their doctrines, it would be wide of the mark to argue that the doctrines themselves are merely rhetoric. Instead should become clear that the doctrines shaped American foreign policy not only during the doctrine’s author’s term in office, but also for many of his successors.…

    • 4124 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    The tilt towards Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistan war was yet another foreign policy blunder. Seeing the conflict as more an extension of the cold war, with Pakistan and China pitted against India and Russia, than a regional conflict, the White House lined up with the Pakistanis and Chinese as a means to foster the opening to China and inhibit Moscow’s reach for hegemony in…

    • 798 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    The beginning of the Soviet war in Afghanistan in 1979 marked a new phase in the Cold War, the effects of which would continue to cast a shadow over modern politics into the next millennium. The Soviet-Afghan war was driven by the persistent personalities of US National Security Advisor, Zbigniew Brzezinski, his puppet president, Jimmy Carter, and Soviet leader, Leonid Brezhnev. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan flipped Cold War politics on its head. The war was a clash of personalities and manipulation, masked by a façade of noble ideological intentions, which has shaped the way modern politics is conducted. This can be proven by analysing primary and secondary sources of information concerning the politicians and their policies surrounding the war.…

    • 2663 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Better Essays

    It examines the steps that were taken by Pakistani leaders and scientists to develop a strong nuclear development program. The development of the fuel and a system of uranium enrichment technology was a long and slow process for the Pakistani’s requiring black market trade of restricted materials. Khan begins to describe the grey areas of nuclear trade that “ran like a nuclear Wal-Mart” (Khan 162). Khan tells of dedicated people that were determined to go through political and technical hurdles in the underworld of nuclear trade to get the proper materials. He also explains three significant factors that handicapped Pakistan which created the necessity for the secretive trade networks. First, “no other country with similar nuclear ambitions faced such stringent nonproliferation barriers” (Khan 162). Meaning that the Pakistani nuclear program had the longest road to travel to achieve success in terms of nuclear weapons. Second, because of economic burdens and political unrest, Pakistan was left vulnerable and had little to no leverage of its own and depended heavily on international institutions and aid. Combined with the aid needed from foreign institutions the third factor that handicapped Pakistan was the “deterioration of regional security” (Khan 163). Pakistan faced potential threats on two fronts and did not posses the economic or military strength to support themselves in the face…

    • 3112 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    American Persona

    • 1128 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Alan, Dobson and Steve, Mash. US Foreign policy since 1945. New York: Routledge Press. 2002. Print.…

    • 1128 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    References: 1. Rashid, A., (2008). Descent into Chaos: The United States and the Failure of Nation Building in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia.…

    • 1753 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The War on Terror

    • 1530 Words
    • 7 Pages

    As technology advanced, countries struggled for power in an arms and space race throughout the Cold War in 1947. The United States was facing conflict with the Soviet Union, but still provided assistance to Iran and Iraq. America offered support by pressuring reform on Iran, which was suffering from a collapsing economy and a failing regime.1 According to Lisa Wolfe Iran did not fully embrace the support, “Misperception of US motives behind the move for internal change led many to ignore the fact that the US cared about Iran’s domestic politics only so far as they impacted the superpower’s own national interest.”1 The people of Iran believed the United States only had their own good intentions in mind. The United States did take the Iraqi side during the Iran-Iraq War, but China provided Iran with 22 percent of its arms.1 Iran was not at a complete disadvantage in the war, they had a form…

    • 1530 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    This investigation will answer the question: For what reasons did Pakistan support the Mujahedeen during the Afghan-Soviet War, between the years 1979-1989? This investigation is important because Pakistan’s role was essential in ensuring the Mujahedeen’s success over the Soviets in the Soviet-Afghan war of 1979. The scope of this investigation is the reasons behind Pakistan’s involvement in the Soviet-Afghan war and their successes in training the Mujahedeen during the years 1979-1989.…

    • 2039 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    India and Pakistan Conflicts

    • 31457 Words
    • 126 Pages

    i. India—-Foreign relations—Pakistan, i. Pakistan— Foreign relations—India. 3. India—Military relations— Pakistan. 4, Pakistan—Military relations—India. I. Tide.…

    • 31457 Words
    • 126 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    10) Papanek, G.F. Pakistan’s Development: Social Goals and Private incentives. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1967.…

    • 4689 Words
    • 19 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Constitutions of Pakistan

    • 6902 Words
    • 28 Pages

    Introduction: The constitution of Pakistan that came into existence on March 23, 1956, abolished the office of the governor-general and provided for power-sharing arrangements between the president and the prime minister. East Pakistan (now the independent state of Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (known as Pakistan since 1971) were to have equal seats in the national legislature. While parliamentary and federal in form, the constitution ensured that the president retained supreme powers and the center was more powerful than the provinces. But this constitution had a very short life. The country’s first general elections were scheduled for February 1959, but President Iskandar Mirza, fearing a rise in East Pakistan’s influence could undermine his hold on power, abrogated the constitution before the elections in 1958, establishing martial law and appointing army chief Ayub Khan as chief martial law administrator. This…

    • 6902 Words
    • 28 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    The first of these political wildcards is the military/civilian relationship in Pakistan. As stated earlier, this past election marks the first democratic handoff from one elected government to another in the 66-year history of the state. Every previously elected government has succumbed to military-led coups at one point or another. While the reasons and circumstances varied from one coup to another, the common thread between each coup was a combination of a perceived level of incompetence from the civilian leadership, an overriding concern that this incompetence would invite Indian military aggression and jeopardize the state itself, and political opportunism on the part of Pakistan's military leadership. Given the historical context of last week's parliamentary elections, it would appear that the relationship between the Pakistani military and its civilian counterparts has undergone a fundamental change — one that bodes well for Pakistan's democracy going forward.…

    • 803 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Scarred from birth, Pakistan's quest for survival has been as compelling as it has been uncertain. Pakistan cycled through a number of phases of development through its beginning Political, Social and Economic crises. The politicians were corrupt, interested in maintaining their political power and securing the interests of the elite, so to have them as the representative authority did not provide much hope of a democratic state that provided socio-economic justice and fair administration to all Pakistani citizens. Ranging controversies over the issue of the national language, the role of Islam, provincial representation, and the distribution of power between the center and the provinces delayed constitution making and postponed general elections, thus putting Pakistan into a certain situation of uncertainty right from the start.…

    • 2246 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Nazeem Sanwal

    • 13816 Words
    • 56 Pages

    Speech delivered by Mr. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the Foreign Minister of Pakistan to the Pakistan Islamic Council for International Affairs, Karachi, June 13, 1965…

    • 13816 Words
    • 56 Pages
    Powerful Essays