The modern term 'document ' can no longer be defined by its transmission medium (such as paper), following the existence of electronic documents.
The formal term 'document ' is defined in Library and information science and in documentation science, as a basic theoretical construct. It is everything which may be preserved or represented in order to serve as evidence for some purpose. The classical example provided by Suzanne Briet is an antelope: "An antelope running wild on the plains of Africa should not be considered a document, she rules. But if it were to be captured, taken to a zoo and made an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence being used by those who study it. Indeed, scholarly articles written about the antelope are secondary documents, since the antelope itself is the primary document." (Quoted from Buckland, 1998 [1]). (This view has been seen as an early expression of what now is known as actor–network theory).
Contents
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1 The document concept
2 Types of documents
3 Developing documents
4 History
5 In law
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
The document concept[edit]
The concept of document has been defined as “any concrete or symbolic indication, preserved or recorded, for reconstructing or for proving a phenomenon, whether physical or mental" (Briet, 1951, 7; here quoted from Buckland, 1991).
A much cited article asked "what
References: Briet, S. (1951). Qu 'est-ce que la documentation? Paris: Documentaires Industrielles et Techniques. Buckland, M. (1991). Information and information systems. New York: Greenwood Press. Frohmann, Bernd (2009). Revisiting "what is a document?", Journal of Documentation, 65(2), 291-303. Hjerppe, R. (1994). A framework for the description of generalized documents. Advances in Knowledge Organization, 4, 173-180. Houser, L. (1986). Documents: The domain of library and information science. Library and Information Science Research, 8, 163-188. Larsen, P.S. (1999). Books and bytes: Preserving documents for posterity. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(11), 1020-1027. Lund, N. W. (2008). Document theory. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 43, 399-432. Riles, A. (Ed.) (2006). Documents: Artifacts of Modern Knowledge. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI. Schamber, L. (1996). What is a document? Rethinking the concept in uneasy times. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47, 669-671. Signer, Beat: What is Wrong with Digital Documents? A Conceptual Model for Structural Cross-Media Content Composition and Reuse, In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2010), Vancouver, Canada, November 2010.