Galileo Galilei was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, physicist, and philosopher. He was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564. He was the first of six children of Vincenzo Galilei, a famous composer, and music theorist, Giulia Ammannat. Because of his contributions, he has been called "the father of observational astronomy", "the father of modern physics", "the father of science", and "the father of modern science". Early in life he wanted to join the Church Order, however his parents had different ambitions for their son. They wanted Galileo to become a medical doctor. While pursuing his university studies, Galileo realized he had a passion for mathematics and instead became a professor of mathematics at the Universities of Padua and Pisa.
The Pendulum
In 1581, Galileo began studying at the University of Pisa, where his father hoped he would study medicine. While at the University of Pisa, Galileo began his study of the pendulum. According to legend, he watched a suspended lamp swing back and forth in the cathedral of Pisa. It was not until 1602 that Galileo made his most notable discovery about the pendulum the period, which the time in which a pendulum swings back and forth, does not depend on the arc of the swing, the isochronism. Eventually, this discovery would lead to Galileo's further study of time intervals and the development of his idea for a pendulum clock. Tower of Pisa
As a professor, Galileo argued against traditional views of astronomy. At that point in history, Aristotle’s theories were thought to be the fundamental laws in physics. Aristotle’s belief that objects with a greater density fall faster than those that was lighter in weight. In 1589, he was disproved by Galileo when he stood at the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and discovered that the reason for one object falling faster than the other had to do with the friction each encounters while moving through the air- two objects of different weight actually