India is the second-largest populated country in the world, next only to China. According to the 2001 census, India’s population in 2001 was about 102.87 crores. It has 28 States and 7 Union Territories. Due to its large population India has been facing a number of socio-economic and political problems. The main problem faced by India in the past was maintenance of unity and stability in the country. When India was ruled by the Britishers, the disunity in the country was attributed to the British policy of “Divide and Rule”. India achieved independence from the British rule on 15th August, 1947. A period of more than 63 years has elapsed since then, but India is still facing the problem of unity.
In fact, the main cause of India’s slavery in the past for such a long time was the lack of political unity. Whenever India had a weak and unstable centre, it became a prey to external aggression. A weak centre had always tempted the foreigners to attack our country and plunder its wealth.
India is a land of unity in diversity. Political unity presupposes a strong and stable Central Government which can keep the diverse elements in the country together. Whenever the Central Government in India became weak, foreign countries enslaved her. This is the lesson of history. If we forget this lesson, we will do so at our peril.
In ancient times, India used to be called a “Golden Sparrow” because it possessed immense wealth. Many foreign invaders were, therefore, tempted to attack this country and loot its wealth. Thus India was attacked and subjugated by the Greeks, Portuguese, Moghuls and the Britishers. Had India possessed political unity, these foreign invaders would not have succeeded in their evil designs.
The credit for giving India political unity goes to the Britishers who ruled over India for about 150 years. They established a strong Central Governing whose writ ran throughout the country. They developed rapid means transport and