globalization
Critically examine the proposition that national boundaries have been surmounted by the phenomenon of globalisation and that therefore, national governments are no longer able to promote independent economic policies.
Marxism conceived of globalization to a great extent as simply the worldwide expansion of the capitalist mode of production (Amin and Luckin 1996:225).
The global expansion of production methods and networks has resulted in a proverbial shrinking of the globe, leading analysts to argue that globalisation is constricting the capacities of states and governments to control economic policies and processes within their borders. Baylis and Smith (1998) define globalisation as the 'intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. ' In this essay, Globalisation is understood as a phenomenon, and a process that eases the movements of labour, services, capital and goods and information across the globe. It has evolved partly due to the trend of increasing international trade across national boundaries and the conduct of business activities in more than one country. Put simply, it is a process that involves the growth of inter-dependency between national markets and industries on a worldwide scale (Brooks, Weatherston and Wilkinson, 2011).
As globalisation progresses the status of national boundaries as obstacles to trade continues to diminish consequently changing the international business environment. As a result, corporations and businesses do not need to rely on single national/domestic markets. In order to critically assess the proposition that national boundaries have been affected by globalisation and that the phenomenon limits the extent to which states can pursue independent economic policies; this essay will be guided by the key questions that arise from this proposition. Namely, to what extent has
Marxism conceived of globalization to a great extent as simply the worldwide expansion of the capitalist mode of production (Amin and Luckin 1996:225).
The global expansion of production methods and networks has resulted in a proverbial shrinking of the globe, leading analysts to argue that globalisation is constricting the capacities of states and governments to control economic policies and processes within their borders. Baylis and Smith (1998) define globalisation as the 'intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. ' In this essay, Globalisation is understood as a phenomenon, and a process that eases the movements of labour, services, capital and goods and information across the globe. It has evolved partly due to the trend of increasing international trade across national boundaries and the conduct of business activities in more than one country. Put simply, it is a process that involves the growth of inter-dependency between national markets and industries on a worldwide scale (Brooks, Weatherston and Wilkinson, 2011).
As globalisation progresses the status of national boundaries as obstacles to trade continues to diminish consequently changing the international business environment. As a result, corporations and businesses do not need to rely on single national/domestic markets. In order to critically assess the proposition that national boundaries have been affected by globalisation and that the phenomenon limits the extent to which states can pursue independent economic policies; this essay will be guided by the key questions that arise from this proposition. Namely, to what extent has
Bibliography: Amin, S. and Luckin, D. (1996), ‘The Challenge of Globalization’, Review of International Political Economy, Vol.3, No.2, pp.216-259 Baylis, J., Smith, S Boge, S. (1993) Road Transport of Goods and the Effects on the Spatial Environment (Wuppertal: Wuppertal Institute). Brooks, I., Weatherston, J. and Wilkinson, G. (2011) The International Business Environment: Challenges and Changes, 2nd edn., London: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Desai, M. (1996) 'Debating the British Disease ', Financial Times , 20th March , p. 92. Dessler, D Hirst, P., Thompson, G., (2009) Globalization in question, 3rd edn., Cambridge : Polity. Levitt, T Martin, B. (1993) In the public interest: Privatization and public sector reform. London: Zed Books McAleese, D McGowan, F. (1994). The internationalisation of privatization. In Clarke, T. (Ed.), International privatization: Strategies and practices(pp. 25–42). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. Waters (2001) Globalization, London: Routledge. Worthington, I., Britton, C