Glomerulonephritis Research Paper

Anatomy Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the tiny fibers in your kidneys, which are called glomerular. The major structure of glomerulonephritis is the kidneys, but the kidneys are also part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, the ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra. Every person had two kidneys and they are bean shaped and darkish red or brown in color. The kidneys are found posteriorly to the abdomen. The kidneys are embedded in a fatty pouch, which consists of three layers, the renal capsule, the adipose capsule, and renal fascia. The renal capsule is the innermost layer, strong and fibrous, and attached to the kidney. The adipose capsule is the second layer and is the protective layer. The renal fascia is
the third layer, is a supportive layer, and anchors the kidney to the peritoneum and the abdomen wall.
The kidney has two layers, which consists of the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The outer cortex has many capillaries. The glomerular are found within the renal cortex of the kidneys. The glomerular are small clusters of capillaries within the kidneys. The inner medulla has many blood vessels and tubules. The inner medulla consists of the renal pyramids and renal columns, which separate the pyramids and have blood vessels. The second structure in the urinary system is the ureters. The ureters are a yellow color found connected to the kidneys and the urinary bladder. The ureters have three layers. The first layer from inside out is the mucosa layer, which is composed of transitional epithelium. The second layer is the muscularis layer, which is composed of smooth muscle. The third and final layer in the ureters is the adventitia layer, which is composed of outer fibrous connective tissue. The next structure in the urinary system is the urinary bladder. There is only one urinary bladder in a person. The urinary bladder is a sac, almost looking like a deflated balloon when empty, and located on pelvic floor posterior to pubic symphysis. The urinary bladder wall has three layers. The first layer is the mucosa layer, which is composed of transitional
epithelium mucosa. The second layer is the thick detrusor muscle, which are three layers of smooth muscle. The last layer in the urinary bladder wall is the fibrous adventitia, which is on the superior surfaces only. The last structure in the urinary system is the urethra. The urethra is connected to the urinary bladder and is located at different places depending on gender. If a male the urethra is located in the penis, and if you are female the urethra is located just above the vagina opening. The urethra is a muscular tube lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium near the bladder and is composed of stratified squamous epithelium closer toward the vagina opening. The urethra has two sphincters, the internal urethral sphincter and the external urethral sphincter. The internal urethral sphincter is composed of smooth muscle and located closer to the bladder, while the external urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle and located on the pelvic floor.
Physiology
Some main functions of the kidneys are waste excretion, which means they kidneys filter out the toxins, excess salts, and urea that your body does not need and sends it to the next step in the urinary system to be excreted out of the body.
Diagnosis
Tests to determine a patient’s kidney function and how to be diagnosed glomerulonephritis.
Two ways to determine kidney function and possible glomerulonephritis are by a urine test and a kidney biopsy. In a urinalysis if there are traces of red blood cells and red cell casts in your urine, this can be an indicator of damage to the glomeruli. Some other indicators of kidney function damage or glomerulonephritis within a urine test are white blood cells, which are an indicator of infection, increased proteins, which may indicate nephron damage, and increased blood levels of creatinine or urea. Kidney biopsy is a procedure to remove small pieces of the kidneys tissue for examination; a kidney biopsy is always needed to diagnose
glomerulonephritis.
Treatment
Treatment depends on how sever the patients glomerulonephritis is, the underlying cause of the patients glomerulonephritis, and the severity of the patients signs and symptoms, but the ultimate goal of treatment for glomerulonephritis is to protect the kidneys from any further damage.