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Graf teorisi

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Graf teorisi
GRAPH THEORY(ÇIZGE KURAMI)

GİRİŞ

Graph Theory nedir?

Tarihçesi

Graf teorisinin kullanıldığı yerler

GELİŞME

Graf çizmek ve bazı özel Graflar

Euler Grafı

Hamilton Grafı

Graph-theoretic data yapıları nasıl oluşturulur

Liste yardımıyla

Matrix yardımıyla

Graf teorisi yardımıyla çözülen bazı problemler

Düzlemlilik kullanılarak çözülen bazı problemler

Renklendirme kullanılarak çözülen bazı problemler

Rota problemleri

SONUÇ

Graf teorisinin matematik ve bilgisayar bilimine yaptığı katkıları tekrar gözden geçirmek

GRAPH THEORY(ÇIZGE KURAMI)

Graf teorisi 1736 yılında Leonhard Euler tarafından ilk defa kullanılmış bir kavramdır. Graflar bazıları birbirlerine bağlı olan çok sayıdaki noktalardan oluşur. Euler yine kendisinin yazdığı könisgberg köprüleri sorusuna graflar yardımıyla çözerek yeni bir matematik dalı ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Könüsgberg köprüleri sorusunda dört anakara ve yedi tane köprüden oluşan bu şehirde, herhangi bir anakaradan başlayarak ve her geçtiğimiz köprüden bir daha geçmemek koşuluyla tüm karaları dolaşmanın mümkün olup olmadığı problemine cevap aramıştır. Bu soru aslında bizim küçüklükten beri sürekli duyduğumuz açık zarf sorusunun bir benzeriydi. Yandaki resimde de gördüğümüz gibi bu soruda bir noktadan başlayarak aynı çizgiden bir kere daha geçmemek şartıyla tüm noktaları dolaşmak söz konusuydu.

Graf teorisi bilgisayar ve matematik bilimlerindeki uygulamaları daha çok göze çarpsa da, fizik, biyoloji, kimya bilimlerinde ve hatta linguistikte bile uygulamalarını görmek mümkün. Dillerdeki parçalı yapılardan dolayı graf teorisi linguistik biliminde kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, kimya ve fizik bilimlerinde kullanılan molekül yapıları graflar yardımıyla gösterilmektedir. Biyolojide, popülâsyonların gösterimi, hastalık bölgelerinin ve yayılma alanlarının gösterilmesi, hayvanların yaşadığı habitatların gösterimi yine graf teorisi sayesinde mümkündür. Bilgisayar ve matematik bilim dallarına katkısı biraz daha buyuktur. Mesela, "Minimum spanning

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