You are working in the internal medicine clinic of a large teaching hospital. Today your first patient is 70-year-old J.M, a man who has been coming to the clinic for several years for management of CAD and HTN. A cardiac catheterization done a year ago showed 50% stenosis of the circumflex coronary artery. He has had episodes of dizziness for the past 6 months and orthostatic hypotension, shoulder discomfort, and decreased exercise tolerance for the past 2 months. On his last clinic visit 3 weeks ago, a CXR showed cardiomegaly and a 12-lead ECG showed sinus tachycardia with left bundle branch block. You review his morning blood work and initial assessment.…
In lungs (not myocardium) of patient with congestive heart failure, some pulmonary capillaries rupture under pressure and red blood cells inside alveoli are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. Excess iron in these macrophages binds to ferritin which degrades into hemosiderin. Alveolar macrophages with hemosiderin are called "heart failure" cells, and can be expelled as rust-colored sputum.…
Risk factors are things that contribute to illnesses. They could be situations, people or activities which could possibly affect our health in a negative way and can also lead to ill health. The effect can be temporary or permanent; the effect of these things can be mild, very serious or possibly fatal. There are 3 factors that affects whether someone is of good or ill health. Lifestyle, environmental and inherited factors could all possibly increase the potential risk of developing a disease or condition that affects their daily activities. Although aging cannot be prevented, it is sometimes considered a risk factor because some conditions and diseases become more common as we age.…
* Heart Disease: Heart disease is the number one cause of death among adults over the age of 60. Heart disease includes conditions such as heart failure heart attack and heart arrhythmia that can cause the heart to beat ineffectively and impair circulation. Heart disease is associated with or caused by diabetes, high blood pressure , smoking, improper diet and lack of exercise.…
According to a recent study, people over 40 have a 1 in 5 chance of developing Congestive Heart Failure in their lifetime. Nearly 5 million people in the United States—mostly older adults—already have Congestive Heart Failure, and the number of people with Congestive Heart Failure keeps rising. About 550,000 people develop Congestive Heart Failure each year. This is because people are living longer and surviving heart attacks and other medical conditions that put them at risk for Congestive Heart Failure. People who have other types of heart and vessel disease are also at risk for Congestive Heart Failure.…
Heart failure is an ailment where the heart is not able to pump the required amount of blood to the body. Left-sided heart failure is described as when the heart cannot pump enough oxygenated blood to the body while Right-sided heart failure is when the heart cannot fill with the appropriate amount of blood.1 One or both of these may occur with heart failure. In the United States, 5.8 million people have heart failure and this number is continuing to grow.1 With the number of people with this condition growing, it is important to outline the incidence and etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, medical diagnosis, medical and pharmacological management, and prognosis of heart failure as a way to inform and decrease…
Atherosclerosis is a form of cardiovascular disease in which the inner layers of artery walls are made thick and irregular by plaque deposits; arteries become narrow and blood supply can be reduced. (pg. 409) Atherosclerosis is deposited by fatty substances (called plaques) in the walls of the arteries. (pg.249) The arteries become narrow due to a person having high blood pressure which makes the heart work harder which forces the blood through the arteries making it narrow and stiffen. They also become narrowed buy deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. The lining arteries gets damaged by the endothelial cells (cells that line the arteries) becomes damaged. This is caused by smoking, high blood pressure, high insulin or glucose levels, and deposits of oxidized LDL particles. Next the body responds to these damages by causing information and changes in the artery lining that…
According to WHO (World Health Organization), heart disease is the leading cause of death in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia.…
There are many different types of heart diseases. Coronary seems to be the main form.…
Heart failure is a very common condition. About 5.8 million people in the United States have heart failure.…
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a term used to describe diseases of the heart and blood vessels, in which the blood vessels are blocked and leads to various forms of CVD such as stroke, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, and congenital heart defects. According to the American Heart Association (2009), more Americans die from CVD than any other disease and African Americans are at a greater risk for the disease than any other ethnic group (pp32).…
According to the CDC (2010b), cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women (34.3 percent of all deaths), and is estimated to affect over 81 million people in the United States (AHA, 2010). Cardiovascular disease includes several conditions (AHA, 2010): high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Coronary heart disease is the most…
In today’s society there are many Health disparities that affect millions of Americans each year. Approximately 1.5 million people, who die each year, die from chronic diseases that are listed as one of the top 10 global health disparities. The type of health disparities that Americans face are Heart disease, Cardiovascular disease, Type II Diabetes, Colon cancer, and Obesity. Heart disease is the leading cause of death throughout the world. Cardiovascular disease and cancer account for almost two-thirds of all deaths in the United States.…
According to The National Institutes of Health indicates that approximately 1.1 Million Americans suffer a heart attack each year, and together cardiovascular…
For the last decades, the number of fatalities from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Australia has steadily declined, however it remains one of the leading causes of all deaths and the number one cause of cardiovascular deaths among Australian population (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2011). Coronary heart disease refers to the conditions that affect the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with nutrients and oxygen (Craft, Gordon, & Tiziani, 2011). There are two main clinical types: heart attack and angina (AIHW, 2011). According to Johny Lee (2013), President of American Heart Association (AHA) that CHD is a preventable disease. The prevalence of CHD along with the communities affected and the…