Heat Release Rate Of A Subway Car On Fire In A Shrink-Scale Model
Heat release rate of a subway car on fire in a shrink-scale model
Abstract:
Heat release rate in a shrink-scale model of a subway car on fire is measured for various aspects of an ignition source and simulated materials differing in material by using shrink scale model. The time is required to reach the value, although the maximum Heat Release Rate value is independent of the position of the ignition source. The best method for determining the heat release rate is the maximum Heat Release Rate value and the material combustibility also has an effect. The heat release rate is compared with the fire test of a subway car.
Keywords: Subway Car, Shrink-Scale Model, Heat Release Rate.
Introduction:
The fire accidents in underground tunnels are …show more content…
more critical than those above ground and have been conducted to analyse tunnel fire phenomena. A fire source that determines the characteristics and type of a train tunnel fire remains inadequate. The characteristics of a passenger railcar fire based upon structures and interior materials of the railcar. The best method for determining the heat release rate for a railcar is to test the railcar itself by using the various fire scenarios [1]. The scale experiments are used for collecting and analyzing the accurate data. According to the location of ignition source, the fire propagation phenomena were analysed and measuring the mass loss rate, heat release rate and temperature. Recently, full-scale fire tests for subway have been conducted [6] and analyzed [7].
2.
Reduced-Scale Model Test:
2.1. Froude Scaling
Froude scaling used for relation between an actual scale and reduced scale subway car. Protocol to full scale parameter estimates and by using the following equation, heat released rate in the reduced scale model is converted.
QR QM LR LM 5/2
Where Q is the heat release rate, L is the character length and subscripts R and M is the real and model respectively.
2.2.Shrink-Scale Subway Car
The shrink scale models of the dimensions are 1.9m in length, 0.29m in width and 0.235m in height. The actual train length is 19.7m. LM/LR is the reciprocal of the scale ratio. The train is stopped at the platform when a fire breaks out in a subway car, the sidewall near the platform will open for passenger. In the reduced scale model, all the four doors at the side wall were open and each door was 0.13m in width,0.18m in height and 0.024m in …show more content…
area.
(a) Inside of the reduced-scale model.
2.3.
Ignition Source
In the case 1, the first location between the seat and left end of the subway and the case 2, the second location between second door on the left and second seat on the left. In the case 3, the third location at the centre of the subway car. The heat release rate of the fire source used for the reduced scale model measured by 6 times by using cone diameter. During 300 s was 1kW is the average heat release rate.
2.4. Model Car materials To determine the combustibility of each interior material,3mm or 5mm thick plywood under incident heat fluxes of 10,20kW/m2 were measured by using ISO5660-compliant. Cone calorimeter and the large-scale calorimeter are used to measure the heat release rate from the reduced scale model and is calculated by measuring the amount of emitted flow and concentration of oxygen to quantify the consumption of oxygen by combustion.7mm thick and plywood 3mm or 5mmthick were used to the interior materials.
2.5 Model Measurements
In the reduced scale model subway car on fire to measure the heat release rate, the model is placed under the exhaust hood in the fire test room. It is collected by exhausted hood are mixed along the dust. The time lag in measurement is made up for comparing with the results of the standard propane burner and it can be obtained by measuring the mass loss rate, is measured by an electronic
scale.
3.Conclusion:
In conclusion, 1/10 scale model of an subway car in a fire test and obtained the following results. According to the location of the fire and the peak heat release rate does not differ, but the time of fire growth varied greatly. The accurate peak can be measured the heat release rate will require installing interior materials of the shrink scale model. In an emergency at a nearby tunnel or platform, the open area becomes much wider than the normal railcar and the door on one or both side are open for passenger. Hence the air is sufficient and the fire size of this type of the railcar can be determined by the amount of interior materials.
Abstract:
Heat release rate in a shrink-scale model of a subway car on fire is measured for various aspects of an ignition source and simulated materials differing in material by using shrink scale model. The time is required to reach the value, although the maximum Heat Release Rate value is independent of the position of the ignition source. The best method for determining the heat release rate is the maximum Heat Release Rate value and the material combustibility also has an effect. The heat release rate is compared with the fire test of a subway car.
Keywords: Subway Car, Shrink-Scale Model, Heat Release Rate.
Introduction:
The fire accidents in underground tunnels are …show more content…
more critical than those above ground and have been conducted to analyse tunnel fire phenomena. A fire source that determines the characteristics and type of a train tunnel fire remains inadequate. The characteristics of a passenger railcar fire based upon structures and interior materials of the railcar. The best method for determining the heat release rate for a railcar is to test the railcar itself by using the various fire scenarios [1]. The scale experiments are used for collecting and analyzing the accurate data. According to the location of ignition source, the fire propagation phenomena were analysed and measuring the mass loss rate, heat release rate and temperature. Recently, full-scale fire tests for subway have been conducted [6] and analyzed [7].
2.
Reduced-Scale Model Test:
2.1. Froude Scaling
Froude scaling used for relation between an actual scale and reduced scale subway car. Protocol to full scale parameter estimates and by using the following equation, heat released rate in the reduced scale model is converted.
QR QM LR LM 5/2
Where Q is the heat release rate, L is the character length and subscripts R and M is the real and model respectively.
2.2.Shrink-Scale Subway Car
The shrink scale models of the dimensions are 1.9m in length, 0.29m in width and 0.235m in height. The actual train length is 19.7m. LM/LR is the reciprocal of the scale ratio. The train is stopped at the platform when a fire breaks out in a subway car, the sidewall near the platform will open for passenger. In the reduced scale model, all the four doors at the side wall were open and each door was 0.13m in width,0.18m in height and 0.024m in …show more content…
area.
(a) Inside of the reduced-scale model.
2.3.
Ignition Source
In the case 1, the first location between the seat and left end of the subway and the case 2, the second location between second door on the left and second seat on the left. In the case 3, the third location at the centre of the subway car. The heat release rate of the fire source used for the reduced scale model measured by 6 times by using cone diameter. During 300 s was 1kW is the average heat release rate.
2.4. Model Car materials To determine the combustibility of each interior material,3mm or 5mm thick plywood under incident heat fluxes of 10,20kW/m2 were measured by using ISO5660-compliant. Cone calorimeter and the large-scale calorimeter are used to measure the heat release rate from the reduced scale model and is calculated by measuring the amount of emitted flow and concentration of oxygen to quantify the consumption of oxygen by combustion.7mm thick and plywood 3mm or 5mmthick were used to the interior materials.
2.5 Model Measurements
In the reduced scale model subway car on fire to measure the heat release rate, the model is placed under the exhaust hood in the fire test room. It is collected by exhausted hood are mixed along the dust. The time lag in measurement is made up for comparing with the results of the standard propane burner and it can be obtained by measuring the mass loss rate, is measured by an electronic
scale.
3.Conclusion:
In conclusion, 1/10 scale model of an subway car in a fire test and obtained the following results. According to the location of the fire and the peak heat release rate does not differ, but the time of fire growth varied greatly. The accurate peak can be measured the heat release rate will require installing interior materials of the shrink scale model. In an emergency at a nearby tunnel or platform, the open area becomes much wider than the normal railcar and the door on one or both side are open for passenger. Hence the air is sufficient and the fire size of this type of the railcar can be determined by the amount of interior materials.