Herbert Clark Hoover was born on August 10, 1874. He was the thirty first president of the United States. Hoover's Term for President was from 1929 to 1933. He was a world-wide known mining engineer and humanitarian administrator. "As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted economic modernization. In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican Nomination. The nation was prosperous and optimistic; leading to a landslide for Hoover over the Democrat Al Smith, a Catholic whose religion was distrusted by many. Hoover deeply believed in the Efficiency movement (a major component of the Progressive Era), arguing that there were technical solutions to all social and economic problems. That position was challenged by the Great Depression, which began in 1929, the first year of his presidency. He energetically tried to combat the depression with volunteer efforts and government action, none of which produced economic recovery during his term. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by failure to end the downward spiral into deep depression, compounded by popular opposition to prohibition, Hoover's lack of charisma in relating to voters, and his poor skills in working with politicians." Herbert Hoover was the son of a blacksmith of a Quaker family in West Branch,
Iowa. His parents both, Jesse Hoover and Hulda Minthorn died when he was at a young age. At age 11, Hoover moved to Newberg, Oregon to live with his Uncle John Minthorn. Shortly after he moved, Hoover attended Friends Pacific Academy where he took up the job as an office boy in his uncle's real estate office in Salem. He did not attend high school, but took night classes and learned typing, bookkeeping, and math. Hoover stated, "My boy hood ambition was to be able to earn my own living, without the help of anybody, anywhere." After