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Alterations in Blood Flow and Blood Pressure
Case 1
1. Explain the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
2. Describe where atherosclerotic plaques form in the body and list the possible consequences of developing plaques in those areas.
Case 2
You have two patients with ulcers on their lower extremities. Patient A has ulcers caused by peripheral artery disease and patient B has ulcers caused by chronic venous insufficiency.
1. Describe the pathophysiology of how each type of ulcer developed.
2. List the signs you expect to see when you examine each patient’s extremities.
3. Why do these ulcers look so different?
Case 3
KH is a 67-year-old African-American man with primary hypertension and diabetes mellitus. He is currently taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and following a salt-restricted weight loss diet. He is about 30 pounds over his ideal weight. At his clinic visit his blood pressure is noted to be 150/90. His heart rate is 70 BPM. He has no complaints. His wife brought an automatic blood pressure cuff with her in the hope of learning to take her husband’s blood pressure at home.
1. What risk factors for primary hypertension are evident from KH’s history and physical data?
2. What is the rationale for treating KH with an ACE inhibitor? What is the mechanism of action?
What part of the blood pressure formula do they affect?
3. What tips can you give KH’s wife to improve the accuracy of her blood pressure measurement technique?
Case 4
You are taking care of Mr. HA, a 56 year old man who was admitted for NSTEMI.
1. Describe what indicators were likely used to diagnose him with NSTEMI and what kinds of information they provide.
2. Mr. HA has not received regular care including screening for high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes. He wonders why he had a heart attack when, “I have not felt sick at all.” What might you tell him about the causes of ischemic heart disease and risk
Case 1
1. Explain the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
2. Describe where atherosclerotic plaques form in the body and list the possible consequences of developing plaques in those areas.
Case 2
You have two patients with ulcers on their lower extremities. Patient A has ulcers caused by peripheral artery disease and patient B has ulcers caused by chronic venous insufficiency.
1. Describe the pathophysiology of how each type of ulcer developed.
2. List the signs you expect to see when you examine each patient’s extremities.
3. Why do these ulcers look so different?
Case 3
KH is a 67-year-old African-American man with primary hypertension and diabetes mellitus. He is currently taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and following a salt-restricted weight loss diet. He is about 30 pounds over his ideal weight. At his clinic visit his blood pressure is noted to be 150/90. His heart rate is 70 BPM. He has no complaints. His wife brought an automatic blood pressure cuff with her in the hope of learning to take her husband’s blood pressure at home.
1. What risk factors for primary hypertension are evident from KH’s history and physical data?
2. What is the rationale for treating KH with an ACE inhibitor? What is the mechanism of action?
What part of the blood pressure formula do they affect?
3. What tips can you give KH’s wife to improve the accuracy of her blood pressure measurement technique?
Case 4
You are taking care of Mr. HA, a 56 year old man who was admitted for NSTEMI.
1. Describe what indicators were likely used to diagnose him with NSTEMI and what kinds of information they provide.
2. Mr. HA has not received regular care including screening for high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes. He wonders why he had a heart attack when, “I have not felt sick at all.” What might you tell him about the causes of ischemic heart disease and risk