Homeostatic Imbalances: A Case Study
Homeostasis & Homeostatic Imbalances
Deborah Curry
Kaplan University
Positive & Negative feedback systems
Positive feedback system: Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions. (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p. 10)
Negative feedback system: Reverses a change in a controlled condition in the body. (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p. 10)
Homeostasis & Homeostatic Imbalances of the Endocrine System
The endocrine system makes hormones responsible for regulating and maintaining certain body functions. It plays a role in all of the body systems. There are several glands that make up the endocrine system which work in conjunction with other tissues and organs that contain cells that secrete …show more content…
hormones. The glands that make up the endocrine system include the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, the parathyroid gland, the adrenal glands, and the pineal gland. The tissues and organs that work in conjunction with the endocrine glands include the ovaries, testes, placenta, pancreas, hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, kidneys, liver, stomach, skin, adipose tissue, small intestine, and heart. The hormones released by the endocrine glands travel through the bloodstream to reach their intended target. Therefore, the cardiovascular system plays a major role in the disbursement of these hormones. Areas controlled by the release of hormones include: response to stress, growth and development, regulation of metabolism, absorption of nutrients, regulation of blood sugar levels, contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibers, balance of water and electrolytes, regulation of the reproduction system, birth, and lactation.
The pituitary gland is known as the “master” endocrine gland because it secretes hormones that control the other endocrine glands. (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p. 623) The pituitary gland has two separate anatomical parts that serve two separate functions. The anterior pituitary gland
(adenohypophysis) releases hormones when it is stimulated by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. Suppression occurs when there is too many hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland and the hypothalamus then releases inhibiting hormones to stop or slow the production of hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland. The posterior pituitary gland
(neurohypophysis) does not produce hormones but instead stores hormones and releases them when the body requires them. The posterior pituitary gland contains the ends of nerve cells and transmit signals via the nerve impulses triggering the release of hormones. One example is the release of oxytocin during childbirth to stimulate contractions of the uterus and for the production of breast milk. Another hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland is (ADH) anti-diuretic hormone, which causes the body to conserve water by decreasing urine production and returning the water to the blood stream as well as decreasing sweating by causing constriction of the arterioles which raised blood pressure.
There are a number of disorders that can occur due the homeostatic imbalances of the endocrine system. These occur due to either hypersecretion, when too many hormones are produced and released, or, hyposecretion, in which not enough hormones are produced and released. Pituitary gland disorders include, pituitary dwarfism, giantism, and acromegaly.
Thyroid gland imbalances can cause hyperthyroidism, graves disease (autoimmune induced hyperthyroidism), and hypothyroidism. Disorders of the parathyroid gland consist of Cushing’s syndrome and Addison’s disease. Diabetes is a pancreatic islet disorder that occurs as a result of an endocrine imbalance.
Homeostasis & Homeostatic Imbalances of the Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is responsible for disbursing blood to tissues in the body and removing waste. The heart and blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) make up the cardiovascular system. Within the blood, oxygen, hormones, and nutrients are transported to their intended targets. The left side of the heart pumps the blood which is transported via blood vessels to various body tissues and then returns to the heart through this closed circulatory system. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is unloaded. Waste is unloaded via capillary exchange. This process is known as diffusion in which blood and interstitial fluid meet and gasses, nutrients and waste are exchanged. Cardiovascular disorders that occur form homeostatic imbalances include coronary artery disease (CAD), in which plaque builds up in the arteries of the heart causing a reduction in blood flow. Congenital heart defects are defects that are present at birth. Coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), septal defects, and tetralogy of fallot are examples of congenital heart
defects.
Arrhythmias are a result of a default in the conduction system of the heart causing the heart to beat too rapidly (tachycardia) or too slowly (bradycardia). Types of arrhythmias include, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), heart block, atrial premature contraction (APC), atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricle premature contraction, ventricle tachycardia (VT), and ventricle fibrillation. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is when the heart no longer pumps efficiently due to a prolonged underlying condition such as CAD, previous myocardial infarction, congenital defects, or high blood pressure.
As previously stated these to body systems work in conjunction with each other. The endocrine system requires the cardiovascular system to transport hormones through the blood stream to reach their intended target. Hormones from the endocrine system aid in the contraction of cardiac muscle fibers which are required to pump blood through the body.
References
Endocrine System Information. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/body_guide/reftext/html/endo_sys_fin.html
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2014). Principles of anatomy & physiology (14th
ed.).
Deborah Curry
Kaplan University
Positive & Negative feedback systems
Positive feedback system: Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions. (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p. 10)
Negative feedback system: Reverses a change in a controlled condition in the body. (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p. 10)
Homeostasis & Homeostatic Imbalances of the Endocrine System
The endocrine system makes hormones responsible for regulating and maintaining certain body functions. It plays a role in all of the body systems. There are several glands that make up the endocrine system which work in conjunction with other tissues and organs that contain cells that secrete …show more content…
hormones. The glands that make up the endocrine system include the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, the parathyroid gland, the adrenal glands, and the pineal gland. The tissues and organs that work in conjunction with the endocrine glands include the ovaries, testes, placenta, pancreas, hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, kidneys, liver, stomach, skin, adipose tissue, small intestine, and heart. The hormones released by the endocrine glands travel through the bloodstream to reach their intended target. Therefore, the cardiovascular system plays a major role in the disbursement of these hormones. Areas controlled by the release of hormones include: response to stress, growth and development, regulation of metabolism, absorption of nutrients, regulation of blood sugar levels, contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibers, balance of water and electrolytes, regulation of the reproduction system, birth, and lactation.
The pituitary gland is known as the “master” endocrine gland because it secretes hormones that control the other endocrine glands. (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p. 623) The pituitary gland has two separate anatomical parts that serve two separate functions. The anterior pituitary gland
(adenohypophysis) releases hormones when it is stimulated by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. Suppression occurs when there is too many hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland and the hypothalamus then releases inhibiting hormones to stop or slow the production of hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland. The posterior pituitary gland
(neurohypophysis) does not produce hormones but instead stores hormones and releases them when the body requires them. The posterior pituitary gland contains the ends of nerve cells and transmit signals via the nerve impulses triggering the release of hormones. One example is the release of oxytocin during childbirth to stimulate contractions of the uterus and for the production of breast milk. Another hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland is (ADH) anti-diuretic hormone, which causes the body to conserve water by decreasing urine production and returning the water to the blood stream as well as decreasing sweating by causing constriction of the arterioles which raised blood pressure.
There are a number of disorders that can occur due the homeostatic imbalances of the endocrine system. These occur due to either hypersecretion, when too many hormones are produced and released, or, hyposecretion, in which not enough hormones are produced and released. Pituitary gland disorders include, pituitary dwarfism, giantism, and acromegaly.
Thyroid gland imbalances can cause hyperthyroidism, graves disease (autoimmune induced hyperthyroidism), and hypothyroidism. Disorders of the parathyroid gland consist of Cushing’s syndrome and Addison’s disease. Diabetes is a pancreatic islet disorder that occurs as a result of an endocrine imbalance.
Homeostasis & Homeostatic Imbalances of the Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is responsible for disbursing blood to tissues in the body and removing waste. The heart and blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) make up the cardiovascular system. Within the blood, oxygen, hormones, and nutrients are transported to their intended targets. The left side of the heart pumps the blood which is transported via blood vessels to various body tissues and then returns to the heart through this closed circulatory system. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is unloaded. Waste is unloaded via capillary exchange. This process is known as diffusion in which blood and interstitial fluid meet and gasses, nutrients and waste are exchanged. Cardiovascular disorders that occur form homeostatic imbalances include coronary artery disease (CAD), in which plaque builds up in the arteries of the heart causing a reduction in blood flow. Congenital heart defects are defects that are present at birth. Coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), septal defects, and tetralogy of fallot are examples of congenital heart
defects.
Arrhythmias are a result of a default in the conduction system of the heart causing the heart to beat too rapidly (tachycardia) or too slowly (bradycardia). Types of arrhythmias include, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), heart block, atrial premature contraction (APC), atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricle premature contraction, ventricle tachycardia (VT), and ventricle fibrillation. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is when the heart no longer pumps efficiently due to a prolonged underlying condition such as CAD, previous myocardial infarction, congenital defects, or high blood pressure.
As previously stated these to body systems work in conjunction with each other. The endocrine system requires the cardiovascular system to transport hormones through the blood stream to reach their intended target. Hormones from the endocrine system aid in the contraction of cardiac muscle fibers which are required to pump blood through the body.
References
Endocrine System Information. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/body_guide/reftext/html/endo_sys_fin.html
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2014). Principles of anatomy & physiology (14th
ed.).