Preview

How Did Bill Muir's Experiment Help Us Understand The Theory Of Evolution

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
637 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
How Did Bill Muir's Experiment Help Us Understand The Theory Of Evolution
Question 1: What happened to Bill Muir's chickens (Chapter 5)? How did he explain his findings? How does his experiment help us understand the Theory of Evolution?

According to Wilson, chickens always live in groups. A capacity of each cage is nine to twelve hen. Two different methods are used to breed the hen increasing the egg production. Bill selected the most productive hen in each cage to breed for the first method and selected all the hen in the most productive cages to breed. After six generations in the first method, the cage containing the most productive hen was only three hen left and nearly featherless. The other six hens were murder. The egg production had decreased during the experiment. In the second method, the cage sill contains
…show more content…
To explain this, Wilson claims that the most productive hens achieve their success by suppressing other productivity of their cagemates. This helps Wilson respond to the first his thought experiment. The meanest hen is compared with the evil individual, and another hen is compared to the good individual. Two evil and good individuals are placed in the same place. The evil one will take advantage on the good one getting the benefits to evil one.

In the second method, Bill selected the hens to have cooperative traits that enabled the hens to coexist harmoniously. This experiment is compared with Wilson’s second and third examples. That is, all the good individuals – good hens are placed together in one place and all evil individuals- mean hens are placed in another placed. The evil ones cannot take advantage of good ones. Good individuals have equal chances of producing the egg. Therefore, the productive egg has increased dramatically.

Group of good individuals who inherit good trait will have higher advantage to survive and reproduction than another group. It is likely in evolution. Evolution happens when there is a shift in environmental condition. That time natural selection will choose individuals who higher ability to survive ad reproduction in changing environmental

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Territorial Behavior

    • 543 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The results gathered from the experiment were promising for the hypothesis. There was a total of 472 Acheta domesticus tested in all trials, meaning there were 239 intruder crickets and 239 resident crickets. A chi square analysis was used to determine whether or not the null hypothesis would be accepted. Because there were two groups in the experiment, there were two degrees of freedom. If the null hypothesis was true, the number of intruder victories and resident victories would be very close to each other and the p value would be greater than .5, because the null hypothesis is that residency does not affect conflict outcomes in crickets. The chi square value of the test was 5.230, and the p value…

    • 543 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Evolutionary theory holds that organisms with the strongest genes for survival and reproduction do, in fact, survive and reproduce most successfully. They thus multiply their genes most widely, spreading the advantageous genes through whole populations. Ceaseless repetitions of the process can gradually transform species into totally new ones. Such a world seems to have no place for self-sacrificing types, who presumably couldn’t spread their genes very far. Several competing theories attempt to solve the puzzle. One is that groups with cooperative members out compete groups with selfish ones, and thus spread their niceness genes, in a scaled-up version of the process by which genetically favored individuals trump other individuals. Variants of this notion have gained popularity in the past decade, although it fell from favor earlier, as it has some trouble explaining how altruism got a foothold in the first place. The origin of altruism and cooperation is an enigma because evolutionary theory seems to predict such behavior should be rare or nonexistent. Yet some forms of altruism, conscious or not, are widely documented in creatures as humble as insects and bacteria. Evolutionary theory attempts to explain the evolution of aiding others in two general ways: 1. It argues that genes favoring altruism can spread in future generations if their costs to altruists ' personal reproductive success is outweighed by the benefits in reproductive success of altruists ' relatives carrying copies of the same genes ( 'kin selection '). The ratio of these indirect benefits through relatives, versus costs to oneself, needs to be greater the less closely the altruist is related to those helped - i.e., the lower the likelihood the altruist will be helping copies of their genes in the other. 2. It proposes that genes favoring altruism could spread if the altruism is sufficiently…

    • 4014 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    The purpose of this article was to describe C. B. Ferster’s pigeon laboratory experience with B. F. Skinner at Harvard in the 1950s. Ferster focused this article on his experience within the laboratory as well as the significant support that was offered by Skinner throughout the entire process of conducting experiments. A successful experiment was explained, which led to conversation about data, differentiating devices, new experiments, and original ways to improve the experience within the laboratory. This article also included communication between Ferster and Skinner that was based on the comparison of schedules. Eventually, the individuals had such a widespread repertoire that they made similar decisions on the process and could agree on…

    • 1252 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    The production of eggs is a major industry in Canada with over 1000 egg farms. There are several types of farming facilities the most common ones being furnished cages and free-run systems. Both types of facilities affect the welfare of laying hens but the management of the facilities has the greater impact. Two large farms in Canada, the Peach Farm and the Olive Farm, use different facilities and management practices which can be used to determine the pros and cons of each farm.…

    • 1353 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    However, multilevel selection can be applied to almost every case of evolution. One reason for this is that kin selection possesses several countervailing selection forces that tend to make close kinship antagonistic to the evolution of altruism. In the book, Wilson gives specific examples of this such as the pogonomyrmex occidentalis and Acromyrmex echinatior ants and how group selection, not kin selection, provides them with greater genetic variability which gives them more resistance to disease. Thus he argues that kin selection does not promote genetic diversity while multilevel selection does. Further, Wilson says that the relatedness aspect of kin selection does not work for Hamilton’s equality in the majority of real and theoretical…

    • 423 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In this version, the participants were told the same story, but the reward was candy. The research hypothesis is that participants will not work together, even if they will gain more if they do.…

    • 471 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Within nature Darwin has proposed the notion of natural selection as the driving force of evolution. Individuals acquiring traits solely designed for their survival and reproductive fitness. Accordingly, animals act selfishly to survive and pass along their genes to future generations. Since then, controversy has circled around the idea of organisms acting out in a selfless manor decreasing their fitness for the success of another member’s fitness. Its puzzling to assume individuals will sacrifice themselves for the benefit of another member when Darwin’s assumptions were predominately associated with the survival of the fittest. Explanations to this issue have been observed amongst kin where family members will help the survival of its relatives in order to increase the success of the group; this is otherwise known as kin selection and is one explanation of altruism. Similarly,…

    • 1403 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    The natural selection operates in base of the difference between de reproductive successes of the individuals. The genes of the most successful individuals (the ones that reproduces more) appears more in the next generation. If an individual cannot survive it will not be able to reproduce. Because of that natural selection is NOT RANDOM and can act really quickly. (Charlat et al., 2007)…

    • 277 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    This is where offspring inherit traits from their parents in some degree or another. The third principle is differential reproductive success which is where better adapted individuals produce more offspring over the generations than poorer- adapted individuals. The frequency of adaptive traits gradually increases in subsequent generation. Disadvantageous or maladaptive traits will generally decline in frequency. They do not disappear completely because some traits are linked to others that might have advantages that outweigh the disadvantages.…

    • 625 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Unit of Selection

    • 2040 Words
    • 9 Pages

    * Hamilton’s rule – Altruism favoured by selection as long as cost incurred by the altruist is offset by sufficient amount of benefit to a related organism. bc>1r [ c – cost incurred, b – benefit enjoyed, r – relatedness]…

    • 2040 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    What happens when you put good people in an evil place? How the environment affect behaviours , attitudes or beliefs of people? Philip Zimbardo was interested in this questions.…

    • 997 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    First, altruism must be defined so we can see how it defies the conventional theory of natural selection. Perhaps more importantly we must then ask why, when inexplicable using Darwin 's original model for selection, we still frequently observe altruism in nature. Three answers to this question have been put forward: kin selection, group selection and reciprocation. These will be examined in order.…

    • 1766 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The results of Gibson and Walk's experiment are very questionable because their control group did not consist of any socially dependent…

    • 434 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Justin Feral Chickens

    • 945 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Feral chickens are domesticated chickens that have been deliberately released by owners or left to run wild. These chickens end up feeding and reproduce freely in public and private areas throughout the island. Domesticated chickens, while the same species, are responsibly managed by both home owners and farmers. This is in fact, a practice that is encouraged by the Bermuda Government. However, irresponsible owners have contributed greatly to the current problem. The infestation is most clearly illustrated by the Bermuda Department of Agriculture and Fisheries who estimate that there are over 30,000 feral chickens roaming throughout the island and these numbers continue to grow exponentially. A hen can produce a clutch of eggs every 20 weeks and a typical clutch size is eight to 15 chicks. Most of these survive due to Bermuda 's generous climate. In turn, these same chicks become fertile after 20 weeks. Therefore, one single hen can lead to the creation of between 64 and 198 chicks per year.…

    • 945 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    * R Axelrod and WD Hamilton (March 198). "The evolution of cooperation". Science 211 (4489): 1390–1396.…

    • 3267 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Best Essays

Related Topics