For the first time in the modern Olympics, people in the United States and Europe called for a boycott of the Olympics because of human rights abuses. Although the boycott movement ultimately failed, it set an important precedent for future Olympic boycott campaigns.
Once the boycott failed, Germany had its propaganda coup: the 49 nations who sent teams to the Games legitimized the Hitler regime both in the eyes of the world and of German audiences. The hospitality offered in Berlin awed visiting athletes and spectators alike and sent them home with warm impressions of the host country.
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In 1931, the Olympics Committee gave the 1936 Summer Olympics to Berlin. The choice signaled Germany's return to the world community following the aftermath of defeat in WWI.
Two years later, Nazi party leader Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany and turned the nation's democracy into a one-party dictatorship that persecuted Jews and all political opponents. The Nazi then claimed control of all aspects of German life which also extended to sports.
German sports imagery of the 1930s served to promote Hitler's myth of “Aryan” racial superiority. In sculpture and in other forms, German artists idealized athletes' well-built features. Such imagery also reflected the importance the Nazi regime placed on physical fitness, a requirement for military service.
In April 1933, an "Aryans only" policy was instituted in all German athletic organizations. "Non-Aryans"—Jews or individuals with Jewish parents — were systematically excluded from German sports facilities and