How Does The Concentration Of Hydrochloric Acid Affect The Rate Of Reaction
Rate of Reaction Experiment
Introduction : in this term in chemistry class I was learning about rate of reaction. As defined by the Britannica encyclopedia, a chemical reaction is a process where one or more substances (reactants) are converted to one or more different products because of the rearrangement of atoms of the reactants. For the reaction to occur, the particles must collide with each other and in order to succeed there must be enough energy for the collision because a collision with little energy will not produce a reaction. There are four main factors that could affect the rate of reaction these include the concentration of the reactant, the temperature, the surface area of solid reactant, and the pressure. To prove this theory, I will holding a rate of reaction experiment. I will investigate how the difference of hydrochloric acid affect the rate of reaction in 30 seconds reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium with balanced equation of Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2. According to the chemguide website, by increasing the concentration of the reactant the particles will become more crowded and there is a greater chance of the particles colliding. …show more content…
Research Question : How does the different concentration of hydrochloric acid affect the volume of gas in the reaction of hydrochloric acid and magnesium?
Hypothesis : My hypothesis for this experiment is that if I change the concentration it will affects the rate of reaction. The higher the concentration of a dissolved reactant, the faster the rate of a reaction and it will more likely for the particles to collide and there will be a greater chance particles to react and the increasing of rate of reaction.
Variables
Independent Variables:
The concentration of hydrochloric acid:
0,5 M
1 M
1,5 M
2 M
2,5 M
The concentration of hydrochloric acid will be constantly changed because the purpose of this experiment is to find out how the differences of hydrochloric acid will affect magnesium.
Dependent Variables :
The amount of the gas produced. The amount of the gas will be measured using measuring cylinder. As the metal and the acid reacts, the gas will be produced and will determine how much gas it has produced. To determine the amount of gas produced, we can see how the water is being pushed down by the gas inside the measuring cylinder.
Controlled Variables:
1. The amount of time
I will use stopwatch so I can make sure the duration of each different reaction is the same. The amount of time that will be used is 30 seconds.
2. The temperature of hydrochloric acid
I will use thermometer to check the heat and make sure that the acids are the same temperature.
3. The amount of magnesium used
I will cut the magnesium ribbon into 3cm length.
4. The volume of hydrochloric acid
I will use a measuring cylinder to measure the volume. I will pour the HCl into measuring cylinder to make sure that the volume will be the same.
The controlled variables will be used to determine the result. Controlled variables must be the same or the results will be affected.
Apparatus :
1x Goggle
1x Lab coat
1x Stopwatch
5x Conical flask
1x clamp stand
5x hydrochloric acid with varying concentration (0,5M,1M,1,5M,2M,2,5M)
5x 3cm Magnesium ribbon
1xTrough
1x 100cm3 Measuring cylinder
500 ml of water
Method :
1. Prepare and set up the apparatus as shown in the picture below.
2. Use lab thermometer to check the temperature and make sure that all of the acids have same temperature.
3. Measure the 50cm3 hydrochloric acids using measuring cylinder and pour the acid into 100cm conical flask.
4. Add a 3cm magnesium ribbon into the flask.
5. Pour the measured 50cm3 of HCl into the flask and covered it. As soon as it is covered, use stopwatch and observe it.
6. Record how much water is being pushed down every 5 seconds until the time is over.
7. Repeat steps 1-6 again with a different concentration of hydcrochloric acid.
8. Dispose the reactants and products.
9. Repeat steps 1-8 for the next trials.
To be as accurate as possible, when collecting the data I will have 3 trials for each experiment. In each experiment, there will be 5 different readings of 5 different concentration of hydrochloric acids. To make this experiment fair, I will keep the dependent variables the same throughout the experiment. I will measuring the materials before the experiment. I will make sure that the acids have the same temperature using the thermometer. If the temperature of acids is different, it will affect the result of this experiment. I will also make sure that all the reactions will be done in same duration to avoid false result using stopwatch.
From the result of this experiment, I will process the raw data by taking the volume of hydrogen made and divide it by time used in that reaction (10 seconds)
Safety Guidelines :
1. Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable so there should not be any fire source near the experiment setup and there should be fire extinguisher near by in case of emergencies. (“The Rate of Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid.”).
2. Hydrochloric acid is corrosive and often gives out toxic fumes, so make sure to be careful and wear gloves while handling the acid, use eye protection (especially when using hydrochloric acid with high concentrations) (“The Rate of Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid.”).
3. Do not bring food or drink into the lab as they can easily get contaminated by the acid fumes from the reaction.
4. Must worn protective equipment (goggle, lab cloth, gloves,etc) during the experiment.
5. There will be glasses appliances used so students must be careful when using the glass ware as they might crack when dropped or hit something.
6. If there are any spill or crack, students must cleaned the spill or crack immediately.
7. Any fires should be put out as soon as possible. If students see any fire, they should immediately report to the teacher.
8. Wash your hands before and after conducting the experiment to prevent and minimize contamination.
Disposal Method :
The HCl should be neutralized first before discharged it to the sink. It must be neutralized to pH between 6.0-11.0 which can be check with pH strips. The materials that contaminated with chemicals should be rinsed with water a couple times. If there is any solid waste, it should be thrown directly into trash can for chemical waste and don’t poured the solid waste into the drain.
Introduction : in this term in chemistry class I was learning about rate of reaction. As defined by the Britannica encyclopedia, a chemical reaction is a process where one or more substances (reactants) are converted to one or more different products because of the rearrangement of atoms of the reactants. For the reaction to occur, the particles must collide with each other and in order to succeed there must be enough energy for the collision because a collision with little energy will not produce a reaction. There are four main factors that could affect the rate of reaction these include the concentration of the reactant, the temperature, the surface area of solid reactant, and the pressure. To prove this theory, I will holding a rate of reaction experiment. I will investigate how the difference of hydrochloric acid affect the rate of reaction in 30 seconds reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium with balanced equation of Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2. According to the chemguide website, by increasing the concentration of the reactant the particles will become more crowded and there is a greater chance of the particles colliding. …show more content…
Research Question : How does the different concentration of hydrochloric acid affect the volume of gas in the reaction of hydrochloric acid and magnesium?
Hypothesis : My hypothesis for this experiment is that if I change the concentration it will affects the rate of reaction. The higher the concentration of a dissolved reactant, the faster the rate of a reaction and it will more likely for the particles to collide and there will be a greater chance particles to react and the increasing of rate of reaction.
Variables
Independent Variables:
The concentration of hydrochloric acid:
0,5 M
1 M
1,5 M
2 M
2,5 M
The concentration of hydrochloric acid will be constantly changed because the purpose of this experiment is to find out how the differences of hydrochloric acid will affect magnesium.
Dependent Variables :
The amount of the gas produced. The amount of the gas will be measured using measuring cylinder. As the metal and the acid reacts, the gas will be produced and will determine how much gas it has produced. To determine the amount of gas produced, we can see how the water is being pushed down by the gas inside the measuring cylinder.
Controlled Variables:
1. The amount of time
I will use stopwatch so I can make sure the duration of each different reaction is the same. The amount of time that will be used is 30 seconds.
2. The temperature of hydrochloric acid
I will use thermometer to check the heat and make sure that the acids are the same temperature.
3. The amount of magnesium used
I will cut the magnesium ribbon into 3cm length.
4. The volume of hydrochloric acid
I will use a measuring cylinder to measure the volume. I will pour the HCl into measuring cylinder to make sure that the volume will be the same.
The controlled variables will be used to determine the result. Controlled variables must be the same or the results will be affected.
Apparatus :
1x Goggle
1x Lab coat
1x Stopwatch
5x Conical flask
1x clamp stand
5x hydrochloric acid with varying concentration (0,5M,1M,1,5M,2M,2,5M)
5x 3cm Magnesium ribbon
1xTrough
1x 100cm3 Measuring cylinder
500 ml of water
Method :
1. Prepare and set up the apparatus as shown in the picture below.
2. Use lab thermometer to check the temperature and make sure that all of the acids have same temperature.
3. Measure the 50cm3 hydrochloric acids using measuring cylinder and pour the acid into 100cm conical flask.
4. Add a 3cm magnesium ribbon into the flask.
5. Pour the measured 50cm3 of HCl into the flask and covered it. As soon as it is covered, use stopwatch and observe it.
6. Record how much water is being pushed down every 5 seconds until the time is over.
7. Repeat steps 1-6 again with a different concentration of hydcrochloric acid.
8. Dispose the reactants and products.
9. Repeat steps 1-8 for the next trials.
To be as accurate as possible, when collecting the data I will have 3 trials for each experiment. In each experiment, there will be 5 different readings of 5 different concentration of hydrochloric acids. To make this experiment fair, I will keep the dependent variables the same throughout the experiment. I will measuring the materials before the experiment. I will make sure that the acids have the same temperature using the thermometer. If the temperature of acids is different, it will affect the result of this experiment. I will also make sure that all the reactions will be done in same duration to avoid false result using stopwatch.
From the result of this experiment, I will process the raw data by taking the volume of hydrogen made and divide it by time used in that reaction (10 seconds)
Safety Guidelines :
1. Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable so there should not be any fire source near the experiment setup and there should be fire extinguisher near by in case of emergencies. (“The Rate of Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid.”).
2. Hydrochloric acid is corrosive and often gives out toxic fumes, so make sure to be careful and wear gloves while handling the acid, use eye protection (especially when using hydrochloric acid with high concentrations) (“The Rate of Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid.”).
3. Do not bring food or drink into the lab as they can easily get contaminated by the acid fumes from the reaction.
4. Must worn protective equipment (goggle, lab cloth, gloves,etc) during the experiment.
5. There will be glasses appliances used so students must be careful when using the glass ware as they might crack when dropped or hit something.
6. If there are any spill or crack, students must cleaned the spill or crack immediately.
7. Any fires should be put out as soon as possible. If students see any fire, they should immediately report to the teacher.
8. Wash your hands before and after conducting the experiment to prevent and minimize contamination.
Disposal Method :
The HCl should be neutralized first before discharged it to the sink. It must be neutralized to pH between 6.0-11.0 which can be check with pH strips. The materials that contaminated with chemicals should be rinsed with water a couple times. If there is any solid waste, it should be thrown directly into trash can for chemical waste and don’t poured the solid waste into the drain.