Journal of Ecotourism
Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/reco20
Nature tourists’ response to ecolabels in Oulanka PAN Park, Finland
Riikka Puhakka & Pirkko Siikamäki a a a b
Oulanka Research Station/Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland b Metsähallitus, Luontopalvelut, Kuusamo, Finland Version of record first published: 18 Jan 2012.
To cite this article: Riikka Puhakka & Pirkko Siikamäki (2012): Nature tourists’ response to ecolabels in Oulanka PAN Park, Finland, Journal of Ecotourism, 11:1, 56-73 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2011.647917
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-andconditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Journal of Ecotourism Vol. 11, No. 1, March 2012, 56–73
Nature tourists’ response to ecolabels in Oulanka PAN Park, Finland
Riikka Puhakkaa∗ and Pirkko Siikamakia,b ¨
a
References: Andereck, K.L. (2009). Tourists’ perceptions of environmentally responsible innovations at tourism businesses. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17, 489–499. Bergin-Seers, S., & Mair, J. (2009). Emerging green tourists in Australia: Their behaviours and attitudes. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9, 109–119. Bjork, P. (1998). How much do Finnish tourists value sustainable tourism? In S. Aho, H. Ilola, & J. ¨ Jarviluoma (Eds.), Dynamic aspects in tourism development (pp. 53–76). Rovaniemi: Faculty of ¨ Social Sciences, University of Lapland. Bjork, P. (2004). Applying Swedish eco-labelling to Finnish tourism operation: Which ¨ associations does it elicit amongst customers. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 4, 25–41. Bohdanowicz, P. (2005). European hoteliers’ environmental attitudes: Greening the business. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 46, 188–204. Buckley, R. (2001). Turnover and trends in ecolabels. In X. Font & R. Buckley (Eds.), Tourism ecolabelling: Certification and promotion of sustainable management (pp. 189–212). Wallingford: CABI Publishing. Buckley, R.C. (2002). Tourism ecolabels. Annals of Tourism Research, 29, 183– 208. Chafe, Z. (2005). M. Honey (Ed.), Consumer demand and operator support for socially and environmentally responsible tourism (CESD/TIES Working Paper No. 104). Washington, DC: Center on Ecotourism and Sustainable Development (CESD), The International Ecotourism Society (TIES), Retrieved from http://www.travelersphilanthropy.org/resources/documents/ Consumer_Demand_Report.pdf Clarke, J. (1997). A framework of approaches to sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5, 224 –233. Dodds, R., Graci, S.R., & Holmes, M. (2010). Does the tourist care? A comparison of tourists in Koh Phi Phi, Thailand and Gili Trawangan, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18, 207– 222. Dolnicar, S. (2010). Identifying tourists with smaller environmental footprints. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18, 717 –734. Dolnicar, S., Crouch, G.I., & Long, P. (2008). Environment-friendly tourists: What do we really know about them? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16, 197–210. Dolnicar, S., & Leisch, F. (2008). An investigation of tourists’ patterns of obligation to protect the environment. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 392–402. Dunlap, R.E., Van Liere, K.D., Mertig, A.G., & Jones, R.E. (2000). Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues, 56, 435– 442. Eagles, P.F.J., & Mccool, S.F. (2002). Tourism in national parks and protected areas. Planning and management. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. EUROPARC Federation (2007). The European Charter for Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas, Updated version of May 2007. Retrieved from http://www.european-charter.org/Documents/ charter_full_text.pdf Fairweather, J.R., Maslin, C., & Simmons, D.G. (2005). Environmental values and response to ecolabels among international visitors to New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13, 82 –99. Fennell, D. (1999). Ecotourism. London: Routledge. Fennell, D., & Weaver, D. (2005). The ecotourium concept and tourism-conservation symbiosis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13, 373 –390. Floyd, M.F., Jang, H., & Noe, F.P. (1997). The relationship between environmental concern and acceptability of environmental impacts among visitors to two US national park settings. Journal of Environmental Management, 51, 391– 412. Font, X. (2002). Environmental certification in tourism and hospitality: Progress, process and prospects. Tourism Management, 23, 197 –205. Font, X., & Clark, S. (2007). Certification of protected areas: The case of PAN Parks in Europe. In R. Black & A. Crabtree (Eds.), Quality assurance and certification in ecotourism (pp. 299–315). Wallingford: CABI. Downloaded by [London South Bank University] at 04:41 18 February 2013 72 R. Puhakka and P. Siikamaki ¨ Font, X., & Epler Wood, M. (2007). Sustainable tourism certification marketing and its contribution to SME market access. In R. Black & A. Crabtree (Eds.), Quality assurance and certification in ecotourism (pp. 147 –163). Wallingford: CABI. ˇ Font, X., & Mihalic, T. (2002). Beyond hotels: Nature-based certification in Europe. In M. Honey (Ed.), Ecotourism and certification: Setting standards in practice (pp. 211 –235). Washington, DC: Island Press. Goodwin, H., & Francis, J. (2003). Ethical and responsible tourism: Consumer trends in the UK. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9, 271 –284. Gossling, S. (2006). Tourism certification in Scandinavia. In S. Gossling & J. Hultman (Eds.), ¨ ¨ Ecotourism in Scandinavia. Lessons in theory and practice (pp. 63–75). Wallingford: CAB International. Hamele, H. (2001). Ecolabels for tourism in Europe: The European ecolabel for tourism? In X. Font & R. Buckley (Eds.), Tourism ecolabelling: Certification and promotion of sustainable management (pp. 175 –188). Wallingford: CABI Publishing. Hammer, T., Mose, I., Siegrist, D., & Weixlbaumer, N. (2007). Protected areas and regional development in Europe: Towards a new model for the 21st century. In I. Mose (Ed.), Protected areas and regional development in Europe. Towards a new model for the 21st century (pp. 233–246). Aldershot: Ashgate. Hares, A., Dickinson, J., & Wilkes, K. (2010). Climate change and the air travel decisions of UK tourists. Journal of Transport Geography, 18, 466–473. Heinonen, M. (2007). State of the parks in Finland. Finnish protected areas and their management from 2000 to 2005, Nature Protection Publications of Metsahallitus A 170. Vantaa. Retrieved ¨ from http://www.metsa.fi/sop Honey, M. (2007). The role of certification and accreditation in ensuring tourism contribute to conservation. In R. Bushell & P. Eagles (Eds.), Tourism and protected areas: Benefits beyond boundaries (pp. 168 –190). Wallingford: CAB International. Honey, M., & Stewart, E. (2002). The evolution of ‘green’ standards for tourism. In M. Honey (Ed.), Ecotourism and certification: Setting standards in practice (pp. 33 –72). Washington, DC: Island Press. Honkala, A.M. (2001). Oulangan kansallispuisto. Kavija ¨ ¨tutkimus 2000. Kuusamo: Naturpolis Kuusamo koulutus- ja kehittamispalvelut, tutkimuksia 2/2001. ¨ Kajala, L., Erkkonen, J., & Perttula, M. (2004). Measures for developing sustainability of nature tourism in protected areas. In T. Sievanen, J. Erkkonen, J. Jokimaki, J. Saarinen, S. Tuulentie, ¨ ¨ & E. Virtanen (Eds.), Policies, methods and tools for visitor management – proceedings of the second international conference on monitoring and management of visitor flows in recreational and protected areas, June 16 –20, 2004, Rovaniemi, Finland (pp. 236–241). Vantaa: Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Retrieved from http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/ workingpapers/2004/mwp002.htm Kangas, H. (2007a). European Charter for Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas. Ecolabel as a tool for area management and tourists’ response to labels, (Study visit report). Europarc Federation, Alfred Toepher Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.europarc.org/international/sources/ report_henna_kangas.pdf Kangas, H. (2007b). Ymparistoasenteisiin perustuva matkailijoiden tyypittelymalli ja matkailijatyyp¨ ¨ pien yhteys laatutietoisuuteen – Kolin kansallispuiston ymparistomerkkitutkimuksen tuloksia. In ¨ ¨ L. Tyrvainen & S. Tuulentie (Eds.), Luontomatkailu, metsat ja hyvinvointi, (pp. 45–50). ¨ ¨ Rovaniemi: Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 52. Retrieved from http:// www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2007/mwp052-05.pdf Lubbert, C. (2001). Tourism ecolabels market research in Germany. In X. Font & R.C. Buckley (Eds.), ¨ Tourism ecolabelling: Certification and promotion of sustainable management (pp. 71–85). Wallingford: CABI Publishing. Luo, Y., & Deng, J. (2008). The new environmental paradigm and nature-based tourism motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 392 –402. Luzar, E.J., Diagne, A., Gan, C., & Henning, B.R. (1998). Profiling the nature-based tourist: A multinominal logit approach. Journal of Travel Research, 37, 48 –55. Mair, J. (2011). Exploring air travellers’ voluntary carbon-offsetting behavior. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19, 215 –230. Metsahallitus. (2011). Metsahallituksen luontopalvelut. Upeimman luontomme hoitaja. ¨ ¨ Vuosikertomus 2010. Retrieved from http://julkaisut.metsa.fi/julkaisut/pdf/luo/vk2010fin.pdf Downloaded by [London South Bank University] at 04:41 18 February 2013 Journal of Ecotourism 73 ˇ Mihalic, T. (2001). Environmental behaviour implications for tourist destinations and ecolabels. In X. Font & R. Buckley (Eds.), Tourism ecolabelling: Certification and promotion of sustainable management (pp. 57–70). Wallingford: CABI Publishing. Miller, G.A. (2003). Consumerism in sustainable tourism: A survey of UK consumers. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11, 17 –39. Ministry of the Environment (2002). Ohjelma luonnon virkistyskayton ja luontomatkailun kehit¨ ¨ tamiseksi. Helsinki: Ymparistoministerio. ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ Moeller, T., Dolnicar, S., & Leisch, F. (2011). The sustainability– profitability trade-off in tourism: Can it be overcome? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19, 155– 169. Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2003). Tourism and sustainability: Development and new tourism in the third world (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. Muikku, M. (2005). Oulangan kansallispuisto. Kavijatutkimus 2005, Unpublished report. ¨ ¨ Metsahallitus, Kuusamo. ¨ Puhakka, R. (2008). Increasing role of tourism in Finnish national parks. Fennia, 186, 47– 58. Puhakka, R. (2011). Environmental concern and responsibility among nature tourists in Oulanka PAN Park, Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 11, 76–96. Puustinen, J., Pouta, E., Neuvonen, M., & Sievanen, T. (2009). Visits to national parks and the pro¨ vision of natural and man-made recreation and tourism resources. Journal of Ecotourism, 8, 18–31. Reiser, A., & Simmons, D.G. (2005). A quasi-experimental method for testing the effectiveness of ecolabel promotion. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13, 590–616. Ruuttula-Vasari, A., & Juvonen, S.-K. (2006). Oulanka – kuohujen keskelta kansallispuistoksi. ¨ Metsahallitus, Pohjanmaan luontopalvelut, Kuusamo. ¨ Saarinen, J. (2005). Tourism in the northern wildernesses: Wilderness discourses and the development of nature-based tourism in northern Finland. In C.M. Hall & S. Boyd (Eds.), Nature-based tourism in peripheral areas. Development or disaster (pp. 36 –49). Clevedon: Channel View Publications. Saarinen, J. (2006). Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 33, 1121 –1140. Sharpley, R. (2001). The consumer behaviour context of ecolabelling. In X. Font & R.C. Buckley (Eds.), Tourism ecolabelling: Certification and promotion of sustainable management (pp. 41–55). Wallingford: CABI Publishing. Suomen Messut & TNS Gallup. (2009, January 8). Vastuullisuus ei ratkaise matkustusvalinnoissa. Press release. Retrieved from http://www.finnexpo.fi/news_single.asp?Id=2034&code_ language=fi Swarbrooke, J. (1999). Sustainable tourism management. Wallingford: CAB International. Swarbrooke, J., & Horner, S. (2007). Consumer behaviour in tourism (2nd ed.). London: Butterworth-Heinemann. Torn, A., Tolvanen, A., Norokorpi, Y., Tervo, R., & Siikamaki, P. (2009). Comparing the impacts of ¨ ¨ hiking, skiing and horse riding on trail and vegetation in northern boreal and subalpine areas. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 1427–1434. Uysal, M., Jurowski, C., Noe, F.P., & Mcdonald, C.D. (1994). Environmental attitude by trip and visitor characteristics. Tourism Management, 15, 284–294. Weaver, D.B., & Lawton, L.J. (2002). Overnight ecotourist market segmentation in the Gold Coast hinterland of Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 40, 270–281. Weaver, D.B., & Lawton, L.J. (2004). Visitor attitudes towards tourism development and product integration in an Australian urban-rural fringe. Journal of Travel Research, 42, 286–296. Wurzinger, S., & Johansson, M. (2006). Environmental concern and knowledge of ecotourism among three groups of Swedish tourists. Journal of Travel Research, 45, 217–226. Zografos, C., & Allcroft, D. (2007). The environmental values of potential ecotourists: A segmentation study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15, 44–66. Downloaded by [London South Bank University] at 04:41 18 February 2013