Preview

How Underdeveloped Countries Rule Underdeveloped Countires

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
15757 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
How Underdeveloped Countries Rule Underdeveloped Countires
Part 1:
How developed countries “RULE” the underdeveloped countries….?
I being a citizen of an underdeveloped country and a member of a poor nation, have always wondered that why things in our country happen in a certain way? Why decisions and policies of our country are molded in a way which is unpopular among the people of our country? Why the developed countries like United States of America and United Kingdom have every right of interference in our country’s decision making? Why our politicians fear from the US embassy? And why telephone calls from the US and UK are so much important to our politicians and why their media is like “God” to us? On 16 of the march 2009, we had it straight from the US media that President Zardari, turned ‘soft’ only after the Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, telephoned him. Sure enough the Pakistani president announced after the call that the government would move to ‘restore’ the judges removed by the military dictator, Pervez Musharraf.
Similarly since 1988 when Pakistan became the member of international monetary fund (IMF), every government which takes charge of the country, accepts a loan from the international monetary fund (IMF), this has been an important source to manage the financial problems of the country such as balance of payment deficits, stabilization of currency, rebuilding international reserves, managing liquidity problems etc. but this is not just a financial loan it comes up with an entire set of structural program which is known as “structural adjustment program (SAP)”. SAP is a set of conditions and policies which a country has to strictly follow in order maintain good terms with IMF, these conditions and policies include the close monitoring, reduction of government spending, revision in tax collection policies, change in policy/discount rate etc. The IMF loans greatly impact the economic indicators and bring change in the regulatory framework which have a direct impact on the economy of the country

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group are two global institutions created to assist nations in becoming and remaining economically viable. Each plays an imporant role in the environment of international trade by helping maintain stability in the financial markets and by assisting countries that are seeking economic development and restructuring. Inadequate monetary reserves and unstable currencies are particularly vexing problems in global trade. So long as these conditions exist, world markets cannot develop and function as effectively as they should. To overcome these particular market barriers that plagued international trading before World War II, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) was formed. Originally 29 countries signed the agreement; now 184 countries are members. Among the objectives of the IMF are the stabilization of foreign exchange rates and the establishment of freely convertible currencies to facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade. Member countries have voluntarily joined to consult with one another to maintain a stable system of buying and selling their currencies so that payments in oreign money can take place between countries smoothly and without delay. The IMF also lends money to members having trouble meeting financial obligations to other members. Argentina, Turkey, and Greece have recently received such help from the IMF, but the results have been mixed.…

    • 1154 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Ant 102 Study Guide

    • 1485 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Structural Adjustment – A development policy promotes in Western nations, particularly the United States, that requires poor nations to pursue free market reforms in order to get new loans from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank…

    • 1485 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Life And Debt Summary

    • 653 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Increasing levels of imports and less dependency on self production of commodities had been responsible for fuelling the crisis further. Pressure from the IMF to opt for debt financing in order to bring the fiscal policy under stable condtions and instigate economic growth had been longing for a considerable time period. For instance, in a post-independence speech during 1996 the former prime minister actually condemned the IMF and stated that they will not seek anyone’s intervention and assistance. However, gradually due to a lack of other viable alternatives debt contacts had to be signed with the IMF. Such a trend can be rather said to be global trend for all the third world nations. Such developments had led to the need for generation of excess amounts of foreign exchange funds to meet the interest payments which was not very much feasible. And under such circumstances, the IMF prescribed the imposition of high interest rates, devaluation of the local currency and redefined wage guidelines. However,…

    • 653 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization that oversees the world’s financial system using macroeconomic polices of its member countries. It’s main objective is stabilizing international exchange rates and facilitating development through the enforcement of libral economic policies on other countries (mainly poorer countries) as a condition for loans, restructuring or financial aid. The headquarters is located in Washington, DC. (IMF, 2010)…

    • 1119 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Best Essays

    International Monetary Fund is an organization that consists of 188 countries, in which countries work together to promote global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, and sustainable economic growth around the globe. IMF serves as an international bank, loaning money to member countries due to economic difficulties; and as an adjudicator, reconciling economic conflicts between countries. It’s a pool of central bank reserves and national currencies that allows member countries to borrow. China joined IMF in 1945, and has twice used IMF credits, in 1981 and in 1986. China holds annual consultations with IMF on economic development and policy issues. In recent number of years, China has been accused of currency manipulation and excessive foreign reserves to underpin economic growth. It has been an issue of concern of IMF, and it has warned China and forced China to make policy reforms. In this paper, I will begin with China’s monetary system, 1994 monetary crisis, and then discuss China’s current monetary policies, reforms, and IMF’s regulation on China.…

    • 1874 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    References: " Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Soft Drinks." Centre for Science and Environment (CSE (2003).…

    • 1062 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Large businesses are gaining power by bribing judges ("Pakistan"). The judges are supporting the businesses allowing them to take more power. This is like Napoleon bribing other pigs so he can gain power. The government of Pakistan has restricted the citizens multiple times to ensure they keep power. When Zia-Ul-Haq instated martial law for 8 years ("Mohammad") the general was trying to keep his power by instating Martial law so the citizens could not impeach him.…

    • 1004 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The recent line of events has stained the US-Pakistan relationships, putting both countries’ position in a shadow. In such a controversial period of time, with diverse views around the globe, my assertions portray the alliance of United States to be significant for Pakistan throughout history. US haven’t used Pakistan as a client but have proved to be economically beneficial for the country. To prove my claim, this paper provides information on US aid, economic assistance to Pakistan, including the use of economic foreign policy and direct budget support to enhance Pakistan’s macroeconomic stability. Lastly, it discusses the positive role of the US in IMF, disbursing loans to Pakistan.…

    • 1753 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Riddell writes that the IMF imposes Structural Adjustment Programmes that have four basic elements to them; currency devaluation, the removal or reduction of the state from the workings of the economy, the elimination…

    • 872 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Pakistan Army is at war with its own people in Balochistan and FATA. The fragmented Pakistan with internal weakness and external threats is unable to refuse the Americans Orders, to get its legitimate right of Kashmir, to secure its borders with Afghanistan. Foreign investors, especially the overseas Pakistanis are examining the fear factors in opening new ventures due to corrupt financial institutions and violent groups. Consequently the vicious circle of poverty expands aggravating the already inflamed situation. The secret agencies of enemy countries find local terrorists to disrupt the system. Under the thick air of jealousy, non construction of Big dams is pushing the country into dark ages. A common citizen, suffers worst type of corruption and thus is uninterested in paying taxes. Social values, crime rate, and national patriotism, religious satisfaction are fast disappearing with growing poverty. Disengage of a citizen in election process is a clear indication of general masses’ hatred against the political, religious and military leadership. Individuals are becoming self oriented, preferring their self interest to the national…

    • 3511 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    In addition, some third world countries are forced to open their market by the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP). The SAP opens up the local economy to foreign investments and MNCs, while eliminating subsidies and protection to local industries. For countries seeking financial assistance, the IMF and World Bank provide it but apply a neoliberal economic ideology or agenda as the preconditions to receiving the money. They prescribe cut backs,…

    • 2941 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    1) INTRODUTION Pervez Musharraf is a retired four-star general and a politics who was brought to power through a military coup d’états in 1999. He served as the 10thPresident of Pakistan from 2001 until 2008.He was the 13th Chief of Army staff from October 1998 till November 2007, and was also the 10th Chairman of the Joints chief of staff committee. Pakistan Armed Forces from 1998 until 2001. Commissioned from the Pakistan Army in 1964, Musharraf rose to national prominence after being appointed a four-star general in October 1998 by then-Prime minister Nawaz Sharif. Musharraf was the mastermind and strategic field commander behind the Kirgiz infiltration. Musharraf played a vital role in the Afghan civil war, both assisting the peace negotiations and attempting to end the bloodshed in the country. After months of contentious relations with Prime Minister Sharif, Musharraf was brought to power through a military coup d’états in 1999, subsequently placing the Prime minister under a strict house-arrested before moving him to Adiala Jail in Punjab Province.…

    • 16120 Words
    • 65 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    ne of the major foreign policy challenges of the contemporary era, indeed perhaps the major challenge, is how to encourage the development of well-functioning polities that provide security, social services, and opportunities for economically remunerative work. Democracy, a system of governance that allows citizens to express their views and, more importantly, hold government officials accountable for their actions, is the most effective although not the only way to achieve and sustain such a polity. The most important determinants of democratic development have been underlying socioeconomic conditions and institutional changes initiated by strategically calculating political elites. In countries that suffer from some combination of internal strife, poverty, limited governmental capacity, or a dearth of liberal institutions even if elections take place, the prospects for developing full-fledged democracy based solely on domestic resources and actors are poor—and the perverse incentives generated by the contemporary international environment often make matters worse. The fixity of borders, the near-absence of violent state death since 1945, and the availability of revenues from raw-materials exports and foreign aid have reduced the incentives for political leaders in badly governed and postconflict countries to craft deals with their own citizens that could give rise to self-enforcing institutions of the sort that improve life generally for a society and all those living within it. The leaders of today’s powerful democratic states have a large stake in promoting better governance in failed, failing, and…

    • 6836 Words
    • 28 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    The work of the IMF is of three main types. Surveillance involves the monitoring of economic and financial developments, and the provision of policy advice, aimed especially at crisis-prevention. The IMF also lends to countries with balance of payments difficulties, to provide temporary financing and to support policies aimed at correcting the underlying problems; loans to low-income countries are also aimed especially at poverty reduction. Third, the IMF provides countries with technical assistance and training in its areas of expertise. Supporting all three of these activities is IMF work in economic research and statistics. In recent years, as part of its efforts to strengthen the international financial system, and to enhance its effectiveness at preventing and resolving crises, the IMF has applied both its surveillance and technical assistance work to the development of standards and codes of good practice in its areas of…

    • 1535 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Arab Spring and Pakistan

    • 926 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Arab Spring & Pakistan The winds of change which arose in Tunisia following the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in a small village on December 17, 2010, and which have since then swept through many countries in the Arab world, may finally arrive in Pakistan. The most important aspect of the Arab Spring is “hope”. Hope can, in fact be the other name of this movement which has reinvigorated millions of hearts which had experienced nothing but despair for decades – that same dark despair which Pakistanis have experienced at least since the overthrow of Nawaz Sharif’s government by a man whose name will always be linked to the darkest chapter in Pakistan’s history because he not only destroyed institutions, he brought to Pakistan unprecedented violence and despair. Since that dark day of October 12, 1999, when Nawaz Sharif committed the greatest blunder of his life through his ill-planned and poorly executed order to replace General Musharraf with the Inter-Services Intelligence Director-General Lieutenant-General Ziauddin Butt while Musharraf was en route from Sri Lanka to Karachi, Pakistanis have seen nothing but despair. Sharif, who was deposed by Musharraf, cannot be held responsible for the action of Pakistan’s last military dictator, but his incompetence was certainly proven beyond doubt by his poorly planned move. Musharraf’s illegal rule saw some of the most extraordinary events in Pakistan’s history: one man’s will ruling over all institutions, including the supreme judiciary, the capitulation of a nuclear state to the United States of America, the emergence of violence at a scale unknown to Pakistan until then, and the extraordinary involvement of military in all spheres of national life. When Musharraf was forced out on August 18, 2008, he left behind a dysfunctional parliament and senate and a political vacuum created by the lack of growth of Pakistan’s political parties. Instead of fresh faces entering the political arena after a decade of…

    • 926 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays