Hsc Chemisrty Syllabus Notes
Production of materials
1B – identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from the refining of petroleum
Industrial source of ethylene (ethene) * Obtained from Crude oil – fractional distillation * Heated to high temps * Components vaporise and rise up tower where condense and collect * Lower the boiling point, higher up tower compound rises * Separates crude oil into fraction each with different boiling range - Catalytic Cracking : * Some of higher boiling point fractions (larger hydrocarbons) treated to crack into smaller molecules yielding ethene * Done by heating to high temp in presence of zeolite catalyst * C10H22 (l) --- C8H18 (l) + C2H4 (g) 1C – identify that ethylene, because of the high reactivity of its double bond, is readily transformed into many useful products * First member of homologous series of straight chain alkenes (C2H4) * Functional group = highly reactive double C=C bond * Readily transformed into many useful compounds ( polyethylene) through addition reactions * Examples: ethylene oxide (CH2)2O -> sterilizer Ethanol (C3COOH) -> solvent Polyethylene (CH2)n -> plastic 1D – identify that ethylene serves as a monomer from which polymers are made * Individual monomers of ethene join by covalent bonds to form long chain polymers 1E – identify polyethylene as an addition polymer and explain the meaning of this term * Addition polymerisation to form polyethylene (polyethene) * Ethene monomers join by organic peroxide breaking double C=C bond allowing another monomer to join by single covalent bond * No other product produced * No atoms lost * Addition reactions occur at high temp and pressure in presence of catalyst *
1F – outline the steps in the production of polyethylene as an example of a commercially ad industrially important polymer
1B – identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from the refining of petroleum
Industrial source of ethylene (ethene) * Obtained from Crude oil – fractional distillation * Heated to high temps * Components vaporise and rise up tower where condense and collect * Lower the boiling point, higher up tower compound rises * Separates crude oil into fraction each with different boiling range - Catalytic Cracking : * Some of higher boiling point fractions (larger hydrocarbons) treated to crack into smaller molecules yielding ethene * Done by heating to high temp in presence of zeolite catalyst * C10H22 (l) --- C8H18 (l) + C2H4 (g) 1C – identify that ethylene, because of the high reactivity of its double bond, is readily transformed into many useful products * First member of homologous series of straight chain alkenes (C2H4) * Functional group = highly reactive double C=C bond * Readily transformed into many useful compounds ( polyethylene) through addition reactions * Examples: ethylene oxide (CH2)2O -> sterilizer Ethanol (C3COOH) -> solvent Polyethylene (CH2)n -> plastic 1D – identify that ethylene serves as a monomer from which polymers are made * Individual monomers of ethene join by covalent bonds to form long chain polymers 1E – identify polyethylene as an addition polymer and explain the meaning of this term * Addition polymerisation to form polyethylene (polyethene) * Ethene monomers join by organic peroxide breaking double C=C bond allowing another monomer to join by single covalent bond * No other product produced * No atoms lost * Addition reactions occur at high temp and pressure in presence of catalyst *
1F – outline the steps in the production of polyethylene as an example of a commercially ad industrially important polymer