Human Geography: Vocab and Notes
Core Periphery Model
Explains why power and wealth tend to gravitate to core areas while leaving the periphery
Ex. This happens at the local scale (Los Angeles) AND the global scale (North America)
Dependency Theory
The theory that developed countries and powered elites exploit and subjugate other populations and regions to secure for themselves a continual source of resources and wealth
Sig: Economic reliance by the periphery on the core countries for technology, FDI & demand for their exports
Economic Sectors
Primary Sector: Periphery/LDCs
Secondary Sector: Semi-periphery/NICs
Tertiary Sector: Semi-periphery & Core/MDCs
Quaternary: Core/MDCs
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Includes:
~Maternal death rate & adolescent fertility
~Education attainment & parliamentary participation v. men
~Labor force participation v. men
It is replacing the GEM and the GDI
Sig: Gender equality assists development and reduces population pressures (expanding population)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given year (regardless of who produces it)
Dividing the GDP by a nation’s total population gives us the per capita GDP
Human Development Index (HDI)
A measure of a country’s standard of living using its per capita GNI, years of education & life expectancy
1. OECD Countries (core) = .879
2. Latin America & the Caribbean = .704
3. Europe & Central Asia = .702
4. East Asia & the Pacific = .643
5. World = .624
6. Middle East = .588
7. South Asia = .516
8. Sub- Saharan Africa = .389
Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)
Def: A development strategy whereby an LDC tries to promote its own industries instead of importing manufactured goods from the core
Sig: This form of protectionism was popular during the 1970s with socialist regimes
A.K.A. balanced growth approach / Self-sufficiency approach
Levels of Development
Development continuum (from rich to poor)
~MDCs v. LDCs
~
Explains why power and wealth tend to gravitate to core areas while leaving the periphery
Ex. This happens at the local scale (Los Angeles) AND the global scale (North America)
Dependency Theory
The theory that developed countries and powered elites exploit and subjugate other populations and regions to secure for themselves a continual source of resources and wealth
Sig: Economic reliance by the periphery on the core countries for technology, FDI & demand for their exports
Economic Sectors
Primary Sector: Periphery/LDCs
Secondary Sector: Semi-periphery/NICs
Tertiary Sector: Semi-periphery & Core/MDCs
Quaternary: Core/MDCs
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Includes:
~Maternal death rate & adolescent fertility
~Education attainment & parliamentary participation v. men
~Labor force participation v. men
It is replacing the GEM and the GDI
Sig: Gender equality assists development and reduces population pressures (expanding population)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given year (regardless of who produces it)
Dividing the GDP by a nation’s total population gives us the per capita GDP
Human Development Index (HDI)
A measure of a country’s standard of living using its per capita GNI, years of education & life expectancy
1. OECD Countries (core) = .879
2. Latin America & the Caribbean = .704
3. Europe & Central Asia = .702
4. East Asia & the Pacific = .643
5. World = .624
6. Middle East = .588
7. South Asia = .516
8. Sub- Saharan Africa = .389
Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)
Def: A development strategy whereby an LDC tries to promote its own industries instead of importing manufactured goods from the core
Sig: This form of protectionism was popular during the 1970s with socialist regimes
A.K.A. balanced growth approach / Self-sufficiency approach
Levels of Development
Development continuum (from rich to poor)
~MDCs v. LDCs
~