Hydrate Lab
A
The % Composition and Empirical Formula of a Hydrate: It Doesn’t Hold Water, Or Does It?
1. To determine the percent water in an unknown hydrate. 2. To calculate water(s) of crystallization for an unknown hydrate. 3. To determine the formula of an unknown hydrate.
OBJECTIVES
SKILLS
Proper use of the following equipment: Dial-O-Gram balance (Laboratory Technique I), electronic balance (Laboratory Technique II) and Bunsen burner (Laboratory Technique III).
Dial-O-Gram balance, electronic balance, Bunsen burner and hose, striker, ring stand, small iron ring, clay triangle, crucible and cover
EQUIPMENT
CHEMICALS
Various hydrates
Hazard Alert
Avoid breathing dust or skin contact with hydrate. Clean up all spills immediately with a wet sponge or foam brush.
INTRODUCTION
If an opinion is said to not hold water it means that the point of view or statement put forward is illogical, inadequate, not sound or can be shown to be wrong. Hydrates are inorganic salts that hold water. They contain a specific number of strongly bonded water molecules as part of their crystal structure. Such water molecules are called water(s) of hydration, or water(s) of crystallization. The formula of a hydrate consists of the formula of the anhydrous (without water) compound followed by a dot, then the specific number of water molecules. The dot in the formula indicates a type of bond, while strong, can usually be broken with the application of moderately high temperature. An example of such a formula is CaSO4•2H2O, commonly known as gypsum. Here, the anhydrous compound is CaSO4 and 2 in the formula represents the specific number of water molecules for each unit of CaSO4. Some anhydrous salts will pick up water readily on exposure to moisture in their environment. These salts are termed hygroscopic. Some of these hygroscopic substances are able to absorb so much moisture that they actually dissolve themselves and form a solution. These salts are called
The % Composition and Empirical Formula of a Hydrate: It Doesn’t Hold Water, Or Does It?
1. To determine the percent water in an unknown hydrate. 2. To calculate water(s) of crystallization for an unknown hydrate. 3. To determine the formula of an unknown hydrate.
OBJECTIVES
SKILLS
Proper use of the following equipment: Dial-O-Gram balance (Laboratory Technique I), electronic balance (Laboratory Technique II) and Bunsen burner (Laboratory Technique III).
Dial-O-Gram balance, electronic balance, Bunsen burner and hose, striker, ring stand, small iron ring, clay triangle, crucible and cover
EQUIPMENT
CHEMICALS
Various hydrates
Hazard Alert
Avoid breathing dust or skin contact with hydrate. Clean up all spills immediately with a wet sponge or foam brush.
INTRODUCTION
If an opinion is said to not hold water it means that the point of view or statement put forward is illogical, inadequate, not sound or can be shown to be wrong. Hydrates are inorganic salts that hold water. They contain a specific number of strongly bonded water molecules as part of their crystal structure. Such water molecules are called water(s) of hydration, or water(s) of crystallization. The formula of a hydrate consists of the formula of the anhydrous (without water) compound followed by a dot, then the specific number of water molecules. The dot in the formula indicates a type of bond, while strong, can usually be broken with the application of moderately high temperature. An example of such a formula is CaSO4•2H2O, commonly known as gypsum. Here, the anhydrous compound is CaSO4 and 2 in the formula represents the specific number of water molecules for each unit of CaSO4. Some anhydrous salts will pick up water readily on exposure to moisture in their environment. These salts are termed hygroscopic. Some of these hygroscopic substances are able to absorb so much moisture that they actually dissolve themselves and form a solution. These salts are called