Iatrogenic Case Study

1. Define the signs of adverse reactions- iatrogenic and idiosyncratic reactions *Adverse reactions- any unexpected, unintended or excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (opposed to an overdose) *Latrogenic- an adverse reaction caused by the actions of a prescriber, healthcare professional, or other specific treatment *Idiosyncratic- an adverse reaction that is abnormal/unexpected to a medication (other than an allergic) that is peculiar to the individual
2. Steps of the nursing process- what is done by the nurse in each phase *Assessment-Collect data, review, analyze objective (senses)&subjective (patient description) data *Diagnosis-what is wrong with the patient and why("as evidenced by") *Planning-
Define terms – * bioavailability- A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug & route (0-100%) *synergistic effect- interactions that effect the combination of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the effects of the drugs given alone *bioequivalent-2 medications have the same bioavailability &same concentration of active ingredient(generic VS name brand)
5. Define adverse drug reactions with relationship to drug allergies *Adverse drug reaction is an allergic reaction to a drug that involves the patients immune system. Immunoglobulin's recognize the drug as a dangerous foreign substance, which trigger an immune response by binding to the drug in an attempt to neutralize it. Also, various chemical mediators (histamine) begin to cause inflammatory response
6. Define and describe the First Pass Effect in relation to the route of medications *First pass effect- the metabolism of a drug & its passage from the liver before reaching the systemic circulation. A drug given orally may be extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching the systemic
half-life and what it means to the action of the drug in the body *Half life- Time required for 50% of a given drug to be removed from body
10. Describe the fetal circulation of medications in the stages of development in the first and last trimester and what it means for the effects of drugs *the fetus is at greatest risk of a drug-induced developmental defects during 1st trimester, because fetus undergoes papid cell proliferation &skeletal,muscle, limb & visceral organ development at the most rapid rate *last trimester the greatest % of maternally absorbed drug gets to the fetus
11. What are the drug categories A, B, C, D and X for pregnancy *A- no risk to human fetus *B- no risk to animal fetus, human info NOT available *C- Adverse effects reported in animal fetus, NO human