In documents 3 (Joao de Barros, Portuguese merchant and soldier from his book, Decadas da Asia completed in 1520s about his travels along east Africa’s coast), 5 (Abdul Hassan ibn Ali al Mas’udi, Arab traveler, merchant and geographer, from Cairo and Baghdad, late 10th century C.E. about his trips to the East African coastal area of el-Zanj, the Swahili peoples between Somalia and Mozambique) and 7 (Ibn Battuta, Muslim traveler and…
Much of our knowledge about early African societies come from descriptions recorded by foreign visitors. Ibn Battuta is known for his recorded descriptions of African societies.…
Heavy labor Merchants, some military activity Islamic norms slow to penetrate African society ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 25 Age Grades …
In his text on the Customs in the Mali Empire, he explained the ways in which the Mali people adhered to Islamic practices, and the ways in which they dissented from them. Ibn was pleased to observe the emphasis that the Mali people placed on religion. He explained that the mosques were always tightly packed, and, “the people paid great attention to memorizing the Holy Qur’an.” Battuta was saddened upon seeing women dressed immodestly and appearing naked before people. It is evident that the extreme modesty which sometimes included veiling of the face and clothing from head to toe that is customary for most Muslims did not extend to the Mali…
Olaudah Equiano was a slave(formally an African prince). When he was captured, he didn't understand the reason why. The Europeans were very “new” to him. He had never seen white people before. He thought that the Whites would eat them based on the way he was treated. Ever since the beginning of the voyage, he was treated with cruelty for the littlest things. He was even beaten if he refused to eat. They only fed them enough to stay alive to be sold. Since they were all confined to one area with no way out, if one of them got sick then they all would catch the disease. Most died from these epidemics. Others around him were being treated the same way. Some of the them tried to jump ship and escape,but when they were caught they were serverely…
Chapter 20 Africa and the Africans in the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade I. Introduction A. Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua – symbol of slavery 1. Muslim trader > African slavery > African slave trade > Missionary B. Impact of outsiders on Africa 1. Islam first, then African developed at own pace, West had big impact C. Influence of Europe 1.…
Eboe man and those women trained in combat, would kidnap men from other tribes or districts for slavery. Traders would forge settlements among the chiefs of tribes in trade for slaves. Equiano writes about the similarities of African and European cultures. Eboe culture and religion are similar to that of Europeans, the only separation was that of skin colour. Nonetheless, Europeans did not care to see the potential for civilized Africans because they were only viewed to be enslaved. At the early age of eleven, Equiano and his sister were than kidnapped, separated and sold into slavery. The horrors, of being kidnapped only to be separated from his loved ones. His journey of constantly being sold arrived after many months where he is encountered by a slave-ship waiting for him. To his shock he encounters something so estrange to his eyes, European white males. Alarmed by what he saw, all black males aboard were slaves linked together by chains resembling animals. Slave endured horrific amount of pain, forced to be below deck with lack of any hygienic ways to operate themselves. These condition were cruel, frightful, and gruesome that epidemics began to arise generating copious amounts of slaves to take ill and die. There long and extensive journey embarked on the land of Barbados were all slave were soon to be auctioned off for slavery. Equiano was one of the copious…
East African Pastoralists Herding large and small livestock has long been a way of life in drier…
The Islamic conquest of major regions of Africa began the formation of an extensive trading network. Ghana and later Mali of west Africa would join the trading network and become instrumental partners through their profitable gold trade. After the empire of Ghana collapsed, the Mandike people founded the empire of Mali. One specific affluent ruler was Mansa Musa (r. 1312 – 1337), who encouraged and influenced the spread of the Muslim faith to his people and beyond the borders of Africa. A well-traveled Moroccan explorer named Ibn Battuta wrote a personal document about his visit to Mali in 1326, titled the “Country of the Blacks.” Battuta’s review on the Malian people were mixed. Battuta stated the Malians adhered to the main principles of the Quran, but revised certain practices that best suited the Malian’s way of life. Battuta found the Malian practices to be odd and discussed their best and worst practices. Battuta’s personal account on the Malian society was a description of how the African societies were able to adapt and blend their religious culture with the Arabian’s religious culture in a seamless manner.…
In the exposition of The Book of Negroes one does not realize the amount of emotional turmoil the African people are about to face. At first glance the village of Bayo seems to be a felicitous place to live. People were working, children playing; life was normal to them. Aminata, the main character in this story, describes hers and others pain intentensively, “I lived in terror that the captors would beat us, boil us and eat us, but they began with humiliation: they tore our clothes off our backs.” (pg.29) Not once did the captors show any regard for these people, “As I began my long march from home, I discovered that there were people in the world who didn’t know me, didn’t love me and didn’t care whether I lived or died.” (pg. 29) They were treated no differently that rapid animals. Children were forced to grow up faster than they should have. They were forced to do a man’s work load, and think quickly to avoid being beaten. There is a sincere feeling of pathos for every last person who lost everything and were treated so poorly. People were separated from family and sometimes friends. Aminata first had her son taken away and sold by one of her masters, “My heart and body were screaming for Mamadu. But my baby was gone. Sold, sold, sold. Appleby would not say where.” (pg.184) Years later she suffered the loss of her daughter, who was stolen by the family whom she was working for. Even when they felt…
West Africa, a striving center of trade and commerce was born in the Post Classical world. The society was morphed by the way people traded. Between 600 and 1450, West Africa went from a society dominated by the beliefs of Animism and trading with east to one in which Islam influenced their culture and traded with the dar-al-Islam. The dominance of their own culture and its influence on their religion, and the production of bananas, however, remained constant.…
n Said Hamdun and Noel King's book Ibn Battuta in Black Africa, they point out some especially important contributions still lasting to modern day studies of society. In the year 1331 c.e, the world's major civilizations were in fact growing and advancing at an astonishing rate. Historians know quite a bit about a few cultures and empires of this time. These societies such as the Romans, Greeks, and Chinese to name a few kept written records of daily life and events. Accounts of these societies, for example, are also briefly stated in records in societies of which they interacted. In Ibn Battutas' travels, he not only visited the known societies but the unknown as well. Travelers such as Marco Polo did the same, but not to the extent that Ibn Battuta did. Without the journals of Battuta, we in modern times would know far less than we do now about "less" publicized cultures such as the ones he visited in East and West Africa. In his writings,…
What intrigued me the most throughout this movie is creation of the life with the Swahili natives. It fascinates me that this race was created due to the integration of the Arab man with the African woman and that their culture is most influenced by Islam. Also the fact that in America if you see someone with dark skin people usually automatically characterize them as black. In Swahili that’s not the case, these people are Arab, Persian, African and or black and the people there do not see everyone as the same race even though they are so closely related in color. Another important key fact in understanding the Swahili people is that most of the ancient civilization peoples lives revolved around trade. Swahili stayed a great civilization because they had the ability to trade goods and riches such as livestock, gold, ivory and slaves. Before the journey of Henry Louis Gates, Jr. enlightened me, I only thought of slavery as the white man enslaving the black man. I was one hundred percent wrong. In Swahili as well as other great ancient African nations, slavery took place among people of the same race during the…
September 12th, 1525, I wake up to a humid and dry day with the sun beating down on decks of the ship. In the distance, I can see Malindi, a gleaming city out of the African coast line. As the ship is being pulled in, I saw the people of the town, a lot of them were “black and white” with the blacks “covering only their private parts with cotton and silk cloths” (Barbosa, “Duarte Barbosa on the Swahili City-States:…
In the novel Segu, Maryse Conde beautifully constructs personal and in depth images of African history through the use of four main characters that depict the struggles and importance of family in what is now present day Mali. These four characters and also brothers, by the names of Tiekoro, Siga, Naba, and Malobali are faced with a world changing around their beloved city of Bambara with new customs of the Islamic religion and the developing ideas of European commerce and slave trade. These new expansions in Africa become stepping stones for the Troare brothers to face head on and they have brought both victory and heartache for them and their family. These four characters are centralized throughout this novel because they provide the reader with an inside account of what life is like during a time where traditional Africa begins to change due to the forceful injection of conquering settlers and religions. This creates a split between family members, a mixing of cultures, and the loss of one’s traditions in the Bambara society which is a reflection of the changes that occur in societies across the world. The novel immediately projects the fear and misunderstanding felt by the people of Bambara due to the unexpected early changes that are taking place in Africa. “A white man...There’s a white man on the bank of the Joliba” is exclaimed by Dousika’s pregnant wife Sira (Conde 5). The family is instantly struck with a curious mind but also one that is uneasy. The sight of this white man causes great despair already for the man of the house Dousika: “White men come and live in Segu among the Bambara? It seemed impossible, whether they were friends or enemies!”(Conde 10). The unexpected appearance of this white man marks the beginning of anguish for Dousika and his four sons, especially for Dousika at first for he is embarrassed by the council due to this stranger’s intrusion. This white…