Identification of Isoflavone Daidzein
Table of Contents
Title Page No. 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Sample Treatment 3 3.0 Extraction 4 4.1 Solid-Phase Extraction 4.0 Separation 6 5.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 5.3 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) 5.0 Detection and Identification 7 6.4 UV-Vis Spectrophotometry 6.5 Mass Spectrometry 6.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry 6.0 Health Benefits of Daidzein 18 7.7 Exposure to Daidzein 7.8 Anti-Tumour Effect of Isoflavone 7.9 Daidzein and Cardioovascular Disease 7.0 Conclusion 21 8.0 References 22
1.0 Introduction
Flavonoids are present in plants as mixtures and it is extremely rare for a plant tissue to only contain a single flavonoid component (Harborne 1998). They are a class of plant secondary metabolite, which means the survival of the plant does not depend on these compounds. The chemical structures of flavonoids are based on a C6-C3-C6 skeleton and they differ in the saturation of the heteroatomic ring C, in the placement of aromatic ring B at the positions C-2 or C-3 of ring C, and in the overall hydroxylation patterns (Grotewold 2008).
FIGURE 1.0 General molecular structure of flavonoid. [Adapted from Xu et al. 2007] Out of the many known classes of flavonoid, isoflavone is the class of interest. Isoflavones are colourless, often found in roots, and are only common in one family, Leguminosae (Harborne 1998). Members of the isoflavone class include genistein, glycitein, and the particular compound chosen for this assignment, daidzein. Daidzein, also known by its chemical name 4’,7-dihydroxyisoflavone, has a molecular formula of C15H10O4.
FIGURE 1.1 Structural formula of daidzein. [Adapted from Holder et al. 1999] Isoflavones can occur in the forms of aglycones (daidzein), glucosides (daidzin), acetylglucosides (acetyldaidzin), and
Title Page No. 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Sample Treatment 3 3.0 Extraction 4 4.1 Solid-Phase Extraction 4.0 Separation 6 5.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 5.3 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) 5.0 Detection and Identification 7 6.4 UV-Vis Spectrophotometry 6.5 Mass Spectrometry 6.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry 6.0 Health Benefits of Daidzein 18 7.7 Exposure to Daidzein 7.8 Anti-Tumour Effect of Isoflavone 7.9 Daidzein and Cardioovascular Disease 7.0 Conclusion 21 8.0 References 22
1.0 Introduction
Flavonoids are present in plants as mixtures and it is extremely rare for a plant tissue to only contain a single flavonoid component (Harborne 1998). They are a class of plant secondary metabolite, which means the survival of the plant does not depend on these compounds. The chemical structures of flavonoids are based on a C6-C3-C6 skeleton and they differ in the saturation of the heteroatomic ring C, in the placement of aromatic ring B at the positions C-2 or C-3 of ring C, and in the overall hydroxylation patterns (Grotewold 2008).
FIGURE 1.0 General molecular structure of flavonoid. [Adapted from Xu et al. 2007] Out of the many known classes of flavonoid, isoflavone is the class of interest. Isoflavones are colourless, often found in roots, and are only common in one family, Leguminosae (Harborne 1998). Members of the isoflavone class include genistein, glycitein, and the particular compound chosen for this assignment, daidzein. Daidzein, also known by its chemical name 4’,7-dihydroxyisoflavone, has a molecular formula of C15H10O4.
FIGURE 1.1 Structural formula of daidzein. [Adapted from Holder et al. 1999] Isoflavones can occur in the forms of aglycones (daidzein), glucosides (daidzin), acetylglucosides (acetyldaidzin), and
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