Improving Occupational Safety and Health Intervention
Improving Occupational Safety & Health Interventions – A Comparison of Safety Self-Efficacy & Safety Stages of Change
Dissertation submitted to the faculty of Virginia Tech In partial fulfillment of the degree Doctor of Philosophy
CHARLES BLAKELY PETTINGER, JR.
Center for Applied Behavior Systems Department of Psychology Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Safety Performance Solutions, Inc. 610, North Main Street, Suite 228, Blacksburg Virginia, 24060 540.951.7233
Dissertation Examination Committee Members:
E. Scott Geller, Ph.D., Chair
Helen Crawford, Ph.D.
Jack Finney, Ph.D.
Al Prestrude, Ph.D.
Richard Winett, Ph.D.
Improving Intervention Effectiveness
ii
IMPROVING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INTERVENTIONS: A COMPARISON OF SAFETY SELF-EFFICACY & SAFETY STAGES OF CHANGE TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________ ii The Impact of Occupational Injuries _____________________________________________ 1
Intangible Effects _________________________________________________________________ 2
History of Occupational Safety and Health ________________________________________ 4
The Beginning of Occupational Safety & Health________________________________________ 4 Governmental Influence____________________________________________________________ 5 Insurance Companies: The First Safety Consultants ____________________________________ 7
Traditional Safety & Health Interventions: Three “E”s of Safety ______________________ 8
Engineering/Human Factors ________________________________________________________ 9 Education/Training ______________________________________________________________ 11 Enforcement ____________________________________________________________________ 14
Discipline _____________________________________________________________________________14 Compliance ____________________________________________________________________________16
Dissertation submitted to the faculty of Virginia Tech In partial fulfillment of the degree Doctor of Philosophy
CHARLES BLAKELY PETTINGER, JR.
Center for Applied Behavior Systems Department of Psychology Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Safety Performance Solutions, Inc. 610, North Main Street, Suite 228, Blacksburg Virginia, 24060 540.951.7233
Dissertation Examination Committee Members:
E. Scott Geller, Ph.D., Chair
Helen Crawford, Ph.D.
Jack Finney, Ph.D.
Al Prestrude, Ph.D.
Richard Winett, Ph.D.
Improving Intervention Effectiveness
ii
IMPROVING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INTERVENTIONS: A COMPARISON OF SAFETY SELF-EFFICACY & SAFETY STAGES OF CHANGE TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________ ii The Impact of Occupational Injuries _____________________________________________ 1
Intangible Effects _________________________________________________________________ 2
History of Occupational Safety and Health ________________________________________ 4
The Beginning of Occupational Safety & Health________________________________________ 4 Governmental Influence____________________________________________________________ 5 Insurance Companies: The First Safety Consultants ____________________________________ 7
Traditional Safety & Health Interventions: Three “E”s of Safety ______________________ 8
Engineering/Human Factors ________________________________________________________ 9 Education/Training ______________________________________________________________ 11 Enforcement ____________________________________________________________________ 14
Discipline _____________________________________________________________________________14 Compliance ____________________________________________________________________________16