Preview

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1060 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Reasoning
Reasoning is a method of coming to conclusions by the use of logical argument. There are three basic form of reasoning: inductive, deductive and the combination of both called inductive/deductive (Walliman & Baiche, 2001).
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning is one method of reasoning that researchers use. It is based on making a conclusion or generalization based on a limited number of observations. Thus, it produces from the specific to the general. All research that makes inference or generalizations about the results of a study uses inductive reasoning (Berg & Latin, 2008).
According to American Psychological association (2009), “Inductive reasoning is the form of reasoning in which inferences and general principles are drawn from specific observations and cases. Inductive reasoning is the counter stone of scientific method in that it underlies the process of developing hypothesis from particular facts or observation” (p.246). The conclusions drawn from inductive reasoning are always probable rather than absolute and the degree of probability of any conclusion is the product of the degree of probability granted to each premise (Sprague, Stuart & Bodary, 2010).Occurrence of qualifying phrase like , ‘so it seems’, ‘it is likely that’ , ‘it is reasonable to conclude, or probably indicates the support lended to the conclusion , therefore it’s an inductive argument (Bell, Staines, & Michell, 2001) . Moreover, its logical form cannot be so neatly encapsulated in a three-line format (Walliman & Baiche, 2001).
Examples
"When chimpanzees are exposed to rage, they tend to become violent. Humans are similar to chimpanzees, and therefore they tend to get violent when exposed to rage."
"The woman in the neighboring apartment has a shrill voice. I can hear a shrill voice from outside, therefore the woman in the neighboring apartment is shouting."
Also,
“If 40 vegetarians were studied and all were found to be

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Inductive Reasoning= a type of reasoning that reaches conclusions based on a pattern of specific examples or past events…

    • 654 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    According to our text, Deductive reasoning takes all of the given essentials and uses them and nothing else to structure a conclusion. Deduction is a form of argument that purports to be conclusive. The theory is what concludes to the…

    • 743 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Logical argument is a form of reasoning that attempts to establish the truth of one claim based on the assumed truth of the evidence in other claims provided to support a conclusion. It is different from a claim or a statement because it is more then one statement or idea therefor calling for more claims, or statements.…

    • 591 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Bio Lab Manuel

    • 36655 Words
    • 147 Pages

    are performing the process of inductive reasoning which is an important part of the Scientific…

    • 36655 Words
    • 147 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Inductive reasoning is simply starting with a limited number of observations and increase that number by generalizing. In this scenario the investigator would utilize observation and characteristics of an individual or crime scene to develop a hypothesis. This…

    • 1009 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    It consists of a group of statements with one or more statements (premises) supporting another statement (conclusion). In Critical Thinking, argument is an act of presenting reasons to support individual’s position or point of view. It is not quarrel or dispute. By "argument," we mean a demonstration or a proof of some statement, not emotional language. E.g., "That bird is a crow; therefore, it's black."…

    • 633 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Often times lines become blurred regarding inductions and deductive reasoning as they apply to forensic sciences. Inductions are described by Thornton (1997b, p. 13) as an inference that is derived by specific observations to a generalization, or an assumption that may not always be valid. On the other hand, a deductive reasoning is defined as a forensics-evidence-based, process-oriented method of investigative reasoning based off of the behavioral patterns of a particular offender (Turvey, 1999). Historically, forensic scientists have failed to recognize the importance of inductions and deductive reasoning as a critical process in conducting investigations. Thus resulting in a hypothesis being falsely categorized as a deductive conclusion; when in fact it remains nothing more than a statement until supported by follow on testing (Thornton & Kirk, 1997).…

    • 519 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The article I read was about an upcoming football game between the Bears and the Seahawks. The argument is simple and easy. The premises are: 1. If Shaun Alexander is not in the game on Sunday night against the Bears, then the Seahawks will lose. 2. Shaun Alexander will not be in the game on Sunday night against the Bears. Then the conclusion is: The Seahawks will lose to the Bears on Sunday night. This is a simple argument. Premises: If not A, then not B. Not A. Conclusion Not B.…

    • 330 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Inductive Arguments: The premises are all true so therefore the conclusion is likely to be true; however it isn’t definite that the conclusion will be true. It is usually probable that the conclusion will be true, but there is a chance it’s false. For example:…

    • 264 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Induction reasoning: also know as inductionism, induction. The process of reasoning to probable explanations and judgments.…

    • 473 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Deductive Argument

    • 402 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Premise 1: People should be cognizant of his or her surroundings while shopping at local malls.…

    • 402 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Legal Reasoning

    • 1200 Words
    • 5 Pages

    However, difference reasoning from having a reason. Reasoning reflects a particular kind of decision making process. The process of deciding on a given course of action based on rationality. It is important to distinguished reasoning from the colloquial ideal of “having a reason”. Because the people are quite relaxed about the use of language, it is easy, but wrong, to think of reasoning as simply a matter of cause and effect. But it is not, reasoning is the ability to arrive at a rational, calculated decision.…

    • 1200 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Minto Principle

    • 791 Words
    • 4 Pages

    * Deductive reasoning: thinking process in which the conclusion is necessitated by previously known facts. One element logically leads to the next.…

    • 791 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Reasoning has become a valued ability with in the judicial system. There are many ways of going about rational thinking. Reasoning is associated with thinking, cognition, and intellect. Reason, is one of the ways by which thinking comes from one idea to a related idea. Example, it is the means by which rational beings understand themselves to think about cause and effect, truth and falsehood, and what is good or bad. In the Johnsons definition of reasoning is defined as the process of forming conclusions, judgments, or inferences from facts or premises or a basis or cause, as for some belief, action, fact, event. Reason is in opposition to sensation, perception, feeling, desire, as the by which fundamental truths are automatically apprehended. These fundamental truths are the causes or reasons of all derivative facts. According to a German philosopher by the name of Immanuel Kant, reason is the power of blending into unity, by means of comprehensive principles, the concepts that are provided by the mind.…

    • 339 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Test for consistency: would you judge someone or something you dislike the same way you would judge someone/thing you like?…

    • 439 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays