White, informs us about the economic and social changes brought by the Industrial Revolution. These changes were huge improvements that made the United States “a fast runner in a relatively slow race.” (economy) This article explains the many factors that created the Industrial Revolution that have a variety of topics from inventions to immigrant workers and lastly to American theories. According to Richard White, “By 1900 the United States had one half the world’s manufacturing capacity...Economic changes manifested themselves in rates of immigration (which rose during time and declined during bad), urbanization, types of work, family organization and more (P1 and P4).” This shows how the economy developed because of immigrants coming to work in massive manufacturing companies, which aided to the boost of the economy in the US. Richard White article also explains how “urban sprawl” was crucial to American Industry, but we will discuss that using the last source since Alexandra Lutz gives us a better understanding about it and an more in depth one on the topic of urbanization as well. To continue, “The Rise of Industrial America” also discusses the role race/color of skin determined one’s job. It clearly states “Social and cultural patterns, in turn, affected the economy determining who held certain jobs, how those jobs were valued, and how work took place. The cumulative effects of these changes were staggering (White P4).” Therefore, this implies how racial standards affected workers during the Industrial Revolution, that soon began to work for huge corporations. Furthermore, Mr. White concludes his article with social aspects and ideas American (“white”) people had. For instance, he explains how many Americans began to develop new or different theories and values on the American Dream, essentially the country itself. Americans began to combine old theories to new ones, by portraying the new economy being the same as the old one. Mainly, Richard Whitemark article discusses the numerous factors that created the Industrial Revolution.
Moving on, Thomas Hagen’s “The Growth of Big Businesses: And It’s Effects on America” describes how the Industrial Revolution was fueled by innovations that excite, such as energy, transportation, business and more.
Thomas Hagen writes, “The American people reaped many benefits by the rise of industry and big business. During the latter half of the nineteenth century thousands of people moved from the countryside into the cities. Industry provided employment for the skilled as well as the unskilled (P6).” Therefore, the rise of Industry created an abundance of job opportunities that attracted many people to go work there which made the United States economy grow and develop to become an economical powerhouse. In addition, Thomas Hagen continued to develop his article by than explaining how these big business came to be. For instance, it says “The expansion of businesses created a need for business managers and white collar employees. As machines continued to replace skilled labor, many found them in position of a manager (P10).” In other words, the technological advancements caused skilled workers to position themselves as a manager since the hard work would be done by the machines. Thomas Hagen also discusses the famous successful businessmen and the great minds that were key figures in the impact of the economy during the Industrial revolution. Andrew Carnegie, John. D Rockefeller and Leland Stanford were the three most notable men that impacted the US economy by creating massive corporations (Standard Oil Trust- John Rockefeller, Carnegie Steel- Andrew Carnegie). Thomas Hagen also emphasized on the importance of inventions and it’s impact during the Industrial Revolution. Great minds such as Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison created the first durable telephone and the first durable electric light bulb. These inventions created
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