International Politics By Hans Morgenthau

The Realist tradition is based on the idea that international politics is a never ceasing struggle as mentioned above. Hans Morgenthau advocates that the “power” is the most important priority to aim for. Moreover, every nations has their own national interest which can be interpreted as the survival and the existence. Nation states seek opportunity to maximize their political power and its dominance. Likewise, according to the fundamental notion of geopolitics, states are the living-organisms, so that every organisms have humanly needs, which means that they are born, they grow and and die. Thus, it is inevitably immediate yet most natural aim for every state to expand keep their status quo on the international level. Apart from the national
However, he argues that nation state is a security maximizer than a power maximizer. Thus the central concern for state is the survival. Thus, nation states need a particular amount of power to secure the national security, not to suppress others. He argues that the root cause of inter state disputes, the trouble to achieve multi cooperation are all resulted in the lack of structure and creates the anarchy. Fellow neorealists indicate that not all nation states are legitimate to be perceived as a unit, rather great powers must determine the international political order and system. Overall, neorealist scholars present two major proposals, first, nation states cannot exercise and maintain its power and security individually, second, they are required to get involved to create equilibrium in international political
The whole system is more important than the individual state. Even though a state’s primary goal is to secure and maintain security and its national interest, but state must act and play around under international norms and regulations, which means it limits their certain interests. In reality, states tend to accumulate power such as military , economically etc in order to secure their survival, while power gives a capacity to play as equivalent on the international level. As Waltz argues that, states must rely only on themselves to avoid and protect themselves from any potential risks or threats that posed by their opponents. Yet state’s stability creates insecurity for others. Thus, it is inevitable that, states, as a defensive actors, they react to external forces and create conflicts with each other according to how the system is established or how the table is arranged. Furthermore, in terms of anarchy, he explains how the war is always possible by illustrating how external forces or situations push states in one direction or another. Nonetheless the billiard balls are same, states differ from each others in terms of its size and power. Neorealist scholars note that international politics is the structural system, thus only limited superpowers are worth to form and