Interstitial Cystitis Case Study

Interstitial Cystitis (IC) is an inflammation of the bladder that causes bladder pain and irritation. In the article that I chose, the authors discussed the etiology, pathophysiology, management, pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, and surgical interventions of IC. The condition commonly occurs in women and teens. Diagnosis is usually one of exclusion and treatment is provided to reduce inflammation. Symptoms of IC include urgency, frequency, painful urination, nocturia and fever. The authors suggested that lifestyle changes including smoking cessation, and stress reduction may help the symptoms but there is no cure for the condition.
IC causes damage to the lining of the bladder (urothelium). When the lining is damaged from
90% of all UC patients have this form
• Ulcerative: 5 to 10% of IC patients have the ulcerative form of IC. This is called Hunner’s ulcers and have red, bleeding lesions on the bladder wall. 5 to 10 % of all UC patients have this form of the disease.
There are numerous medications used to reduce the symptoms of IC that include:
• Pentosan polysulfate sodium (Elmiron) is administered to by mouth 300 to 400 mg per day divided into two to three doses. The medication works by protecting the bladder from substances in the urine. It can also be instilled into the bladder (intravesical). Research reported that the combination of oral and intravesical improved the symptoms of IC. Side effects includes diarrhea, nausea, hair loss, abdominal pain and stomach discomfort. Some severe reactions are palpitations, discomfort when swallowing and mood changes. The drug is a “mild blood thinner,” so bruising and bleeding should be reported.

• Hydroxyzine (Vistaril), is an antihistamine that is taken orally to reduce mast cell degranulation. The usual dose is 10 to 25 mg per day by mouth at bedtime. Side effects include Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, constipation, and dry