Japan’s main focus was mainly to avoid becoming part of a European empire by managing worldwide equality. Thus, the rulers of Japan prepared the country for imperial expansion through the modernization of its social, political, educational, industrial and military institutions.
By the turn of the nineteenth century, after many years of peace and stability, a widespread sense of discontent and a general readiness for change had spread among the people of Japan. Hoepper (1996, p271) notes that during the Tokugawa era, which lasted for 264 years, a series of regulations, known officially as the Tokugawa Seclusion
Policy, were drafted to formalize Tokugawa power. Smith and Patrick
(1997, p24) theorize that the policy was ultimately enforced upon
Japan as the Tokugawa were determined to maintain the status quo within society and prevent any uprisings against their rule. Such regulations included the prohibiting of local ships from sailing abroad; the enforcement of the death penalty for Japanese whom ventured outside the nations boarders; insisted that those who had been living overseas were to be executed upon their return; offered rewards for people who exposed Christians and demanded that children