Java and Bv System
1.6 Types of systems The frame of reference within which one views a system is related to the use of the systems approach for analysis. Systems have beenclassified in different ways. Common classifications are: (1) physical or abstract, (2) open or closed, and (3) “man – made” information systems.
1.6.1 Physical or abstract systems Physical systems are tangible entities thatmay be static or dynamic in operation. For example, the physical parts of the computercenter are the officers, desks, and chairs that facilitate operation of the computer. They can be seen and counted; theyare static. In contrast, a programmed computer is a dynamic system. Data, programs, output, and applications change as the user’s demands orthe priority of the information requested changes.
Abstract systems are conceptual or non-physical entities. They may be as straightforward as formulas of relationshipsamong sets of variables or models – the abstract conceptualization of physical situations
. A model is a representation of a real or a planned system. The use of models makes it easier for the analyst to visualize relationships in the system under study. The objective is to point out the significant and the key interrelationships of a complex system.
1.6.2 Open or Closed Systems
Another classification of systems is based on their degree of independence. An open system has many interfaces with its environment. It permits interaction across its boundary; it receives inputs from and delivers outputs to the outside. An information system falls into this category, since it must adapt to the changing demands of the user. In contrast, a closed system is isolated from environmental influences. In reality, a completely closed system is rare. In systems analysis, organizations, applications and computers are invariably open, dynamic systems influenced by their environment.
Five important characteristics of open systems can be identified.
1. Input from outside:
Open systems are
1.6.1 Physical or abstract systems Physical systems are tangible entities thatmay be static or dynamic in operation. For example, the physical parts of the computercenter are the officers, desks, and chairs that facilitate operation of the computer. They can be seen and counted; theyare static. In contrast, a programmed computer is a dynamic system. Data, programs, output, and applications change as the user’s demands orthe priority of the information requested changes.
Abstract systems are conceptual or non-physical entities. They may be as straightforward as formulas of relationshipsamong sets of variables or models – the abstract conceptualization of physical situations
. A model is a representation of a real or a planned system. The use of models makes it easier for the analyst to visualize relationships in the system under study. The objective is to point out the significant and the key interrelationships of a complex system.
1.6.2 Open or Closed Systems
Another classification of systems is based on their degree of independence. An open system has many interfaces with its environment. It permits interaction across its boundary; it receives inputs from and delivers outputs to the outside. An information system falls into this category, since it must adapt to the changing demands of the user. In contrast, a closed system is isolated from environmental influences. In reality, a completely closed system is rare. In systems analysis, organizations, applications and computers are invariably open, dynamic systems influenced by their environment.
Five important characteristics of open systems can be identified.
1. Input from outside:
Open systems are