Jean Watson Human Caring Theory
Human caring, according to Watson, is based on human values such as "kindness, concern, and love of self and others." She differentiates altruism from self-sacrifice and describes it as a fullness of being that allows the nurse to be authentically present with clients. Watson states that a humanistic-altruistic value system begins early in life but continues to be influenced through interactions with parents, family, friends, and others, including nurse educators. Furthermore, she asserts that such values can be developed through consciousness raising and introspection. Watson believes that the carative factor she labels as "faith-hope" interacts with the first to enhance caring-healing. From the perspective of the nurse's belief and value systems, this involves gaining knowledge of mind, body, and spirit integration and valuing the therapeutic effects of faith-hope.
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Faith-hope extends beyond the nurse's understanding of the integration of mind,body, and spirit and also involves fostering faith and hope in clients, based on the client's, and not the nurse's, belief systems.Whereas sensitivity to self is clearly important in the preparation of the nurse to care, sensitivity to others refers to a way of being in relation to clients and is critical to the caring relationship. It allows for the nurse to be changed through the caring relationship and is fundamental to facilitating authentic communication.
According to Watson’s theory, helping trusting caring relationship with the patient must develop by the nurse in order to promote a health and healing, and also it promotes the patient’s dignity and humanity.
Watson identifies 10 factors for both therapeutic and clinical relationship: 1formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values, 2instillation of faith–hope, 3cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others, 4development of a helping–trusting, human caring relationship, 5promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings, 6systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process, 7promotion of transpersonal teaching–learning, 8provision for a supportive, protective and/or corrective, 9assistance with gratification of human needs mental, physical, societal and spiritual environment 10allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces.
Faith-hope extends beyond the nurse's understanding of the integration of mind,body, and spirit and also involves fostering faith and hope in clients, based on the client's, and not the nurse's, belief systems.Whereas sensitivity to self is clearly important in the preparation of the nurse to care, sensitivity to others refers to a way of being in relation to clients and is critical to the caring relationship. It allows for the nurse to be changed through the caring relationship and is fundamental to facilitating authentic communication.
According to Watson’s theory, helping trusting caring relationship with the patient must develop by the nurse in order to promote a health and healing, and also it promotes the patient’s dignity and humanity.
Watson identifies 10 factors for both therapeutic and clinical relationship: 1formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values, 2instillation of faith–hope, 3cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others, 4development of a helping–trusting, human caring relationship, 5promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings, 6systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process, 7promotion of transpersonal teaching–learning, 8provision for a supportive, protective and/or corrective, 9assistance with gratification of human needs mental, physical, societal and spiritual environment 10allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces.