Job Analysis
JOB ANALYSIS
Job analysis is the process of collecting, analyzing, and setting out information about the content of jobs and the related qualifications necessary for one to perform them. The process involves use of methods and procedures to determine the duties, responsibilities, working conditions, working relationships, and required qualifications.
Job analysis produces the following information about a job:
1 Overall purpose: Why the job exists and, in essence, what the holder is expected to contribute.
2 Content: the nature and scope of the job in terms of tasks and operations to be performed and duties to be carried out — i.e. the processes of converting inputs, such as knowledge, skills and abilities, into outputs (results).
3 Accountabilities: The outputs or results for which the job holder is accountable.
4 Performance criteria: The criteria, measures or indicators that enable an assessment to be carried out to ascertain the degree to which the job is bro performed satisfactorily.
5 Responsibilities: the level of responsibility the job holder has to exercise by reference to the scope and input of the job; the amount of discretion a flowed to make decisions; the difficulty, scale, variety and complexity of the problems to be solved, the quantity and value of the resources controlled; and the type and importance of interpersonal relations.
6 Organizational factors: the reporting relationships of the job holder, i.e. to whom he or she reports either directly (line managers) or functionally; the people reporting, directly or indirectly to the job holder; and the extent to which the job holder is involved in teamwork.
7 Motivating factors: the particular features of the job that are likely to motivate or demotivate the job holder if, in the latter case, nothing is done about them.
8 Development factors: promotion and career prospects and the opportunity to acquire new skills or expertise.
• Environmental factors: working conditions health and
Job analysis is the process of collecting, analyzing, and setting out information about the content of jobs and the related qualifications necessary for one to perform them. The process involves use of methods and procedures to determine the duties, responsibilities, working conditions, working relationships, and required qualifications.
Job analysis produces the following information about a job:
1 Overall purpose: Why the job exists and, in essence, what the holder is expected to contribute.
2 Content: the nature and scope of the job in terms of tasks and operations to be performed and duties to be carried out — i.e. the processes of converting inputs, such as knowledge, skills and abilities, into outputs (results).
3 Accountabilities: The outputs or results for which the job holder is accountable.
4 Performance criteria: The criteria, measures or indicators that enable an assessment to be carried out to ascertain the degree to which the job is bro performed satisfactorily.
5 Responsibilities: the level of responsibility the job holder has to exercise by reference to the scope and input of the job; the amount of discretion a flowed to make decisions; the difficulty, scale, variety and complexity of the problems to be solved, the quantity and value of the resources controlled; and the type and importance of interpersonal relations.
6 Organizational factors: the reporting relationships of the job holder, i.e. to whom he or she reports either directly (line managers) or functionally; the people reporting, directly or indirectly to the job holder; and the extent to which the job holder is involved in teamwork.
7 Motivating factors: the particular features of the job that are likely to motivate or demotivate the job holder if, in the latter case, nothing is done about them.
8 Development factors: promotion and career prospects and the opportunity to acquire new skills or expertise.
• Environmental factors: working conditions health and
References: · Breaugh, J.A. (1983). Realistic Job Previews: A Critical Appraisal and Future Research Directions. The Academy of Management Review. October, 8 (4): 612–619. · Breaugh, J.A. and J.A. Billings (1988). “The Realistic Job Preview: Five Key Elements and their Importance for Research and Practice. Journal of Business and Psychology. Summer, 24:291–305. · Landy & Conte (2007). Work in the 21st Century. Blackwell. · Meglino, B.M., A.S. DeNisi, S.A. Youngblood, and K.J. Williams (1988). “Effects of Realistic Job Previews: A Comparison Using an Enhancement and a Reduction Preview.” Journal of Applied Psychology. 73 (2): 259–266. · Premack, S.L. and J.P. Wanous (1985). A Meta-Analysis of Realistic Job Preview Experiments. Journal of Applied Psychology. 70 (4): 706–719. · Roth and Roth (1995). Reduce turnover with realistic job previews. The CPA Journal. · Shore and Tetrick (1994). The psychological contract as an explanatory framework in the employment relationship. Trends in organizational behavior, chapter 7, pp.91–109. Edited by Cooper and Rousseau.