Judgment Enunciation Proposition
2/10/2013
Judgment
JUDGMENT Enunciation Proposition
It is defined as a mental process by which the intellect makes a pronouncement on the agreement or disagreement of ideas.
It is also the process by which the intellect compares two (2) ideas.
If the pronouncement is the agreement of ideas, it is called affirmative judgment. If there is a disagreement, then it is called negative judgment.
By nature, a judgment, whether that is affirmative or negative, can be true or false. TRUE = reality FALSE = not in reality
1
2/10/2013
Proposition
Enunciation is the mental product of judgment. Once this is articulated it is called proposition. It is the external sign of judgment. It is a judgment expressed in a sentence.
Reminder: All propositions are sentences. BUT not all sentences are propositions.
Classifications of Propositions
Categorical – “all” “some” “no” Hypothetical – if, then; either – or; at the same time & both Causal – causes, reasons, explanations
Parts of a Categorical Proposition
All students
Subject-Term
are
intelligent.
Copula Predicate-Term
Subject: idea in which assertion is made Predicate: idea that is affirmed or negated Copula: connector/linking verb Quantifier: extension of the idea
2
2/10/2013
Quantity of the Proposition
The quantifier determines the quantity of the proposition. All students are intelligent. universal Some students are diligent. particular
Quality of the Proposition
The copula determines the quality of the proposition. All students are intelligent. affirmative All students are not intelligent. negative No students are intelligent. negative
Quantity of the Predicate
If the proposition is affirmative, the quantity of the predicate is PARTICULAR. exception: If the predicate is a proper name, the quantity of the predicate is UNIVERSAL. If the predicate is an essential definition, the quantity of the predicate is UNIVERSAL.
Types of
Judgment
JUDGMENT Enunciation Proposition
It is defined as a mental process by which the intellect makes a pronouncement on the agreement or disagreement of ideas.
It is also the process by which the intellect compares two (2) ideas.
If the pronouncement is the agreement of ideas, it is called affirmative judgment. If there is a disagreement, then it is called negative judgment.
By nature, a judgment, whether that is affirmative or negative, can be true or false. TRUE = reality FALSE = not in reality
1
2/10/2013
Proposition
Enunciation is the mental product of judgment. Once this is articulated it is called proposition. It is the external sign of judgment. It is a judgment expressed in a sentence.
Reminder: All propositions are sentences. BUT not all sentences are propositions.
Classifications of Propositions
Categorical – “all” “some” “no” Hypothetical – if, then; either – or; at the same time & both Causal – causes, reasons, explanations
Parts of a Categorical Proposition
All students
Subject-Term
are
intelligent.
Copula Predicate-Term
Subject: idea in which assertion is made Predicate: idea that is affirmed or negated Copula: connector/linking verb Quantifier: extension of the idea
2
2/10/2013
Quantity of the Proposition
The quantifier determines the quantity of the proposition. All students are intelligent. universal Some students are diligent. particular
Quality of the Proposition
The copula determines the quality of the proposition. All students are intelligent. affirmative All students are not intelligent. negative No students are intelligent. negative
Quantity of the Predicate
If the proposition is affirmative, the quantity of the predicate is PARTICULAR. exception: If the predicate is a proper name, the quantity of the predicate is UNIVERSAL. If the predicate is an essential definition, the quantity of the predicate is UNIVERSAL.
Types of