Kamille

Thesis in Math IV

“Teenage Pregnancy,
Who is to blame? “

Members:
Kamille de Jesus
Rina Verne Cleofas
Mario Arambulo
Kyle Montealto
Yvana Palmos
Chapter One I. Introduction

Filipinos are suffering from the poverty, and one factor affecting is the issue of overpopulation. One of the solutions made by the government is through RH Bill. RH Bill, responsible parenthood isn’t it? As we look further more in our society, females are the one who suffers most, not just any female, teens.

Teenage pregnancy is evident in the country; the age range is 13 to 18. Most of the teens today, are subjected now to pre-marital sex, or worst to sexually transmitted diseases. This study is conducted to know what factor affects the teens today to be a “Neneng Nanay” and “Totoy na Tatay”.

II. Statement of the Problem 1. Do parents educate their children about sex education? 2. Are teenagers today aware of sex education? 3. Is the youth the one to take the blame for teenage pregnancy or there are some factors who are responsible for this case?

III. Hypothesis 1. Parents rarely teach their children about sex education because sex is sometimes awkward to talk about. Parents also lack of time for their children due to work. Most of the time teenagers learn of sex education in school instead of in home. With this, curiosity gets the most of teenagers tempting them to try “new things” and most of the time keeps them seeing past their actions. 2. Some teenagers lack of knowledge about sex education and some of them are aware but are over confident that the way they will perform the deed will not cause “unwanted pregnancy”. 3. The youth is not the one to blame for teenage pregnancy its their parents and the peers they go with. The teenagers today might not be properly guided by their respective parents in their home. The friends they hang out with had influenced them to do things which they are not meant to be doing at their age. The peers might also be influenced by media, their parents, church, or by the school.

IV. Scope and Limitation This study will focus on the factors affecting the teenagers today to come up with such decisions in their lives. Media, peers, church, environment, school, or family may affect him/her. One or two of these factors can be blamed for a teenager to have a family at a young age unexpectedly. Through this study we may be able to come up with answers that would point out the roots of teenage pregnancy. Abortion won’t be discussed further in this study as well as Family Planning.

V. Review of Related Literature Seven out of 10 Filipino mothers are adolescents ages 19 years old and below. As of 2010, there are at least four million young mothers in the Philippines and at least 10 mothers die during childbirth everyday based on statistics by the United Nations Family Planning Association (UNFPA).
UN’s population experts contend that adolescents are particularly susceptible to unwanted pregnancy because they are often completely uninformed or worse, misinformed about sexuality and the risks associated with early and unprotected sexual activity.
Some social critics argue that because pregnancy limits a teenager’s opportunities for education and well-paying jobs, many are forced to accept welfare to support themselves and their children. Only 64 percent of teen moms graduate from high school or earn a general education diploma within two years after they would have graduated compared with 94 percent of teenage girls who do not give birth. This lack of education increases the risk of poverty and welfare dependence by severely restricting a young parent’s opportunity for a lucrative job and financial independence. According to Kids Count, a project by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, “The failure to go further in school can limit the mother’s employment options and increase the likelihood that she and her family will be poor. And the roughly one-fifth of adolescent moms who have more than one child are even more economically vulnerable. They might further delay finishing high school, putting them at greater risk of being slotted into low-wage jobs or facing prolonged unemployment, poverty, and welfare.” According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research organization, nearly 80 percent of teen moms eventually go on welfare, and 55 percent of all mothers on welfare were teenagers at the time their first child was born.
The absence of many teenage fathers further increases a young mother’s risk of poverty and welfare dependence. The teenage marriage rate has declined in recent decades, leaving many young mothers without a husband’s financial support. Although the teenage pregnancy rate in the 1950s and 1960s was higher than today, the teenage marriage rate was also higher; in 1960 the percentage of unmarried teenage births was 15 percent, compared with 75 percent today. Many social commentators argue that the decline in teenage marriage has contributed to the rise in poverty and welfare dependence of single mothers. According to scholar Patrick F. Fagan, “The major change in teen pregnancy is not the numbers or rates of teen pregnancy, but the massive abandonment of marriage. . . . Having a baby out of wedlock is the major way to derail progress towards a future stable family life with its attendant more comfortable domestic economy.” Fagan and others maintain that without the bonds of marriage to hold couples together, many young fathers abandon young mothers and their children to poverty and welfare dependence. We might say that. That sudden pregnancy would not occur if studies had been prioritized instead of the relationship of the opposite sex. That if there were no premarital sex, there would be no teenage pregnancy.
LEGAZPI CITY, Albay - Teenage pregnancies in the Philippines surged by 70 percent over one decade, a ranking official of the United Nation Population Fund Agency (UNFPA) said on Monday. Ugochi Daniels, UNFPA country representative, said the rising number of teenage pregnancies in the country is an area of concern that the agency is giving serious attention to, exposing as it does adolescent girls (10 to 19 years old) to high risk. Daniels said a strong advocacy campaign is needed to educate and advise young Filipinas about the dangers posed by early pregnancies, and to inform them about reporductive health in general. She added that the teen pregnancy concern, if not given focus, can derail and affect the country's program targets with respect to its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
At 53 births per 1,000 women aged between 15 and 19, the teenage pregnancy rate in the Philippines is the highest among Asean's six major economies, the United Nations Population Fund's 2011 annual report says.
Government statistics on female adolescent pregnancies indicate that the total number of annual births changed little over the preceding 10 years, but the number of teenage pregnancies rose 70 percent, from 114,205 in 1999 to 195,662 in 2009.
Based on data compiled from birth certificates, of the 1.75 million live births in 2009, the
Teenager peer pressure is real. Many teens engage in unhealthy activities just so that their peers will notice them or so that they may fit in. Peer pressure to engage in sexual activity is so common, a variety of terms refer to the behavior, such as "hooking up," "booty calls" or referring to someone as "a friend with benefits."
All teens feel peer pressure. Boys, especially, feel pressure to have sex before they are ready, according to Psychology Today. Boys often pressure each other to have sex. Teen girls do not feel as pressured by their girlfriends to have sex. A 2003 study released by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that children need sex education starting at a young age.
Adolescents who have high levels of exposure to television programs that contain sexual content are twice as likely to be involved in a pregnancy over the following three years as their peers who watch few such shows.
The investigation is the first to establish a link between teenagers’ exposure to sexual content on TV and either pregnancies among girls or responsibility for pregnancies among boys.
“Adolescents receive a considerable amount of information about sex through television and that programming typically does not highlight the risks and responsibilities of sex,” said Anita Chandra, the study’s lead author and a behavioral scientist at RAND, a nonprofit research organization.
“Our findings suggest that television may play a significant role in the high rates of teenage pregnancy in the United States.”
Researchers from RAND Health say that exposure to sex on television may influence teen pregnancy by creating the perception that there is little risk to engaging in sex without using contraceptives and accelerating the initiation of sexual intercourse.
“The amount of sexual content on television has doubled in recent years, and there is little representation of safer sex practices in those portrayals,” Chandra said.
“While some progress has been made, teenagers who watch television are still going to find little information about the consequences of unprotected sexual practices among the many portrayals promoting sex.”. She said that the findings hold implications for broadcasters, parents and health care providers.
The RAND study is based on a national survey of about 2,000 adolescents aged 12 to 17 who were recruited in 2001 and asked about their television viewing habits and sexual behavior. The participants were surveyed again in 2001 and in 2004. The latest analysis is based upon results from about 700 participants who had engaged in sexual intercourse by the third survey and reported their pregnancy history.
Information about television viewing habits was combined with the results of a separate analysis of television programs to determine the frequency and type of sexual content the adolescents were exposed to during their TV viewing.
Researchers focused on 23 programs popular among teenagers that were widely available on broadcast and cable television, and contained high levels of sexual content (both depictions of sex as well as dialogue or discussion about sex). The shows included dramas, comedies, reality programs and animated shows.
RAND researchers found several other factors, in addition to TV viewing, that influenced whether adolescents were likely to experience a pregnancy. Adolescents living in a two-parent household had a lower probability of pregnancy, while girls, African-Americans and those with more problem behaviors such as discipline problems were more likely to experience a pregnancy.
Youths who intended to have children early also were more likely to experience a pregnancy.
Chandra said future research topics should include whether inconsistent contraceptive use may help to explain the relationship between exposure to sex on television and pregnancy.
“Television is just one part of a teenager’s media diet that helps to influence their behavior,” Chandra said. “We should also look at the roles that magazines, the Internet, and music play in teens’ reproductive health.” The researchers, Joseph M. and Jillian C. Strayhorn, write that they found a direct link between religiosity and teen pregnancy, which is not an incidental byproduct of income differences or attitudes toward abortion. The aptonymically-named Strayhorns believe the explanation could be that religiously-raise teen girls aren't given much sex education, and that early-life motherhood is not stigmatized in religious households the way it is in secular homes that put more emphasis on individual autonomy and self-expression.
Sources:
http://www.enotes.com/teenage-pregnancy-article http://www.interaksyon.com/article/30434/teenage-pregnancies-in-philippines-rise-70-percent-over-10-years---unfpa http://www.modernmom.com/article/peer-pressure-teenage-pregnancy http://psychcentral.com/news/2008/11/05/tv-sex-influences-teen-pregnancy/3269.html http://bigthink.com/Mind-Matters/religion-and-teen-pregnancy-perfect-together

Chapter Two I. Methodology

The researchers first analyzed what statement of the problems must be included in this study as well as the hypothesis that would support it. We, the researchers, selected who would be our respondents that are related in our study. Marian High School students were chosen, specifically from freshmen to seniors. We gathered questions for our questionnaire that would answer our statement of the problem through the use of conducting a survey. After the questionnaires have been distributed to the respondents, the researchers tallied the results.

Chapter Three I. Tabulation of Results
Table 1.0: Monthly Family Income Monthly Family Income: | Frequency: | Percentage: | P15,000-P20,000 | 37 | 27% | P25,000-P30,000 | 46 | 34% | P35,000 and above | 54 | 39% | Interpretation: 39% of the respondents’ monthly family income exceeds from 35,000 pesos.
Table 2.0: Number of Siblings Number of Siblings: | Frequency: | Percentage: | None | 15 | 11% | 1-3 | 85 | 62% | 4-6 | 33 | 24% | 7 and above | 4 | 3% |

Interpretation: 62% of the respondents have one to three siblings in the family (intermediate).

Table 3.0: The age where the wish to have their own family. Age | Frequency: | Percentage: | 16-20 | 0 | 0% | 21-25 | 37 | 24% | 26-30 | 93 | 68% | 31-35 | 7 | 5% |

Interpretation: 68% of the respondents wish to have their own family at the age range of 26 to 30 years of age.
Table 4.0: The awareness of the students to the methods of Family Planning, and how it works. | Frequency: | Percentage: | YES | 113 | 82% | NO | 24 | 18% |

Interpretation: 82% of the respondents are aware of the Family Planning Methods, behalf of that there is still a number of people who lack awareness of it.
Table 5.0: Introduced any idea related to sexual activities | Frequency: | Percentage: | Through Media | 52 | 38% | Through Parents | 19 | 14% | Through Peers | 42 | 31% | Through Church | 0 | 0% | Through School | 24 | 17% |

Interpretation: 38% of the respondents were first introduced to sexual activities through media, such as television programs, internet surfing, reading materials and the like.

Table 6.0: The number of students who belong in a complete family | Frequency: | Percentage: | YES | 117 | 85% | NO | 20 | 15% |

Interpretation: 85% of the respondents still belong in a complete family.
Table 7.0: Number of students who have watched, and/or read materials about pornography. | Frequency: | Percentage: | YES | 103 | 75% | NO | 34 | 25% |

Table 8.0: Peers influence about Sexual Activities | Frequency: | Percentage: | YES | 59 | 43% | NO | 78 | 57% |

Interpretation: 57% of the respondents don’t point their peers as an influence of sexual activities.
Table 9.0: Church’s influence about sex education | Frequency: | Percentage: | YES | 37 | 27% | NO | 100 | 73% |

Interpretation: 73% of the respondents disagreed that the Church influence their point of views in terms of sex education.
Table 10.0: How much time does the family discuss about sex education | Frequency: | Percentage: | Never | 62 | 45% | Seldom | 74 | 54% | Always | 1 | 1% |

Interpretation:
54% of the respondents’ family discusses sex education together.
Table 11.0: Virginity’s importance in a relationship with an opposite sex | Frequency: | Percentage: | YES | 121 | 88% | NO | 16 | 12% |

Interpretation: 88% of the respondents give importance to their opposite sex’ virginity.

Table 12.0: Pre-marital Sex | Frequency: | Percentage: | YES | 17 | 12% | NO | 120 | 88% |

Interpretation: 88% of the respondents strong disagree to pre-marital sex.
Table 13.0: The thought of having a sexual intercourse | Frequency: | Percentage: | YES | 13 | 9% | NO | 124 | 91% |

Interpretation: 91% of the respondents disagreed to pre-marital sex, but 9% of the respondents is open to pre-marital sex.

II. Conclusion:

Questionnaire: Name:
Age:
Sex:

1. How much is your family’s monthly income? a. 15,000- 20,000 b. 25,000-30,000 c. 35,000 and above 2. How many siblings (immediate family) do you have? a. None b. 1-3 c. 4-6 d. 7 and above 3. At what age do you wish to have a family? a. 16-20 b. 21-25 c. 26-30 d. 31-35 4. Are you aware of the methods of family planning and how it works? a. YES b. NO 5. Do you belong in a complete family? a. YES b. NO 6. Where have you first learned everything about sexual activities? a. Through media b. Through parents c. Through peers d. Through church e. Through school 7. Have you watched or read materials about pornography? a. YES b. NO 8. Do your friends influence you about sexual activities? a. YES b. NO 9. Does your church influence you about sex education? a. YES b. NO

10. How often does your family discuss about sex education? a. Never b. Seldom c. Always 11. Does virginity still matter in a relationship with an opposite sex? a. YES b. NO 12. Are you in favor of pre-marital sex? a. YES b. NO 13. Have you ever thought of having a sexual intercourse? a. YES b. NO