Kant And Utilitarianism

this ethical system of belief. Other people also should be seen as valuable, dignified and with respect. If any action disrespects the moral value of any other human being, then it can be considered "right" in accord¬ance with this personal duty.
The effects of things are produced as per the universality of laws and it is called Nature. Accordingly, the universal imperative of duty may be expressed thus: Act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will a universal law of nature.
Kant starts with the simple proposition that it is unfair for a person to do something that others don't do, can't do, or won't do. If every individual refuses to do the some action which is good like refuse to pay tax, it does not fit into Universalist
So actually, people do not will that their maxim should become a universal law because it is impossible, but rather that the opposite of the maxim should remain as law universally. Another deontological approach is from the perspective of religion. The religious point of view is not so different from Kant’s perspective, except that the universal principles come directly from religious beliefs. Faith, rather than reason, intuition or secular knowledge, provides the foundation for a moral life built on religion.
In later years some philosophers have argued for virtue ethics, saying good ethics in not rules, rights and responsibilities, but is depending on character. Virtue ethics appreciates the person to do right thing, by exercising judgement, rather than by applying a universal set of rules.
Virtue ethics is closely linked with universalism. However, that persons guided by virtue ethics are more morally reliable than those who simply follow the rules but fail to inspect, strengthen and preserve their own personal virtues is a part of the virtue ethics argument.
Drawbacks
The problems exist with Kantian theory when an individual does not know which rules to follow; or when there will be dilemma to select freedom of speech to freedom of
Thus for Hobbes, persons in the state of nature gave government absolute power in return of protection (Thomas Hobbes, 1651, 1958). For Locke, persons entered into civil society so that government could protect both life and property (John Lock, 1674, 1952). Citizens need not obey government if it fails in its duties. Magna Carta is sometimes considered a contract between the people of England and the monarchy. However, as citizens live in a society get benefitted from the government, social contract theorists have argued that a tacit consent has been