According to utilitarianism, the morally relevant property is the ability to suffer. Utilitarian’s state that animals are members of the moral community (Shafer-Landau, 2018). Since humans and animals can equally suffer, animals are deserving of moral consideration and should be treated as equals to humans (Shafer-Landau, 2018). Furthermore, plants are excluded from the utilitarian moral community. Without a central nervous system, plants are incapable of feeling pain and therefore do not hold moral importance.
Kantian ethics state that having the ability to reason is the morally relevant property. Kant believes that humans are worthy of moral consideration because they possess rationality and autonomy (Shafer-Landau,