Karl Marx Research Paper

Karl Marx and Plato are two names heard all across the world. Their names ring in halls of philosophy everywhere, and their ideas run rampant in the heads of bright young thinkers. Karl Marx was a very prominent and influential philosopher from Germany. While Marx addressed a wide range of issues, he is most famous for his analysis of history in terms of class struggles, made very evident in his book titled The Communist Manifesto. Marx took a very strong stand against social oppression and was a very active political economist and social revolutionary. Plato was a revolutionary from many centuries before Marx. Plato was a very influential Greek philosopher who gave lectures on many topics, and expressed several of his ideas through his
written dialogues, which have been preserved through the years.

Marx and Plato were two very significant thinkers in history whose ideas are still discussed and dissected in lecture halls across the world. Their thoughts on self, freedom, identity and society still challenge perceptions and beliefs and hold clout in many philosophical debates. These two men, however significant their ideas may be, both have defining qualities of their own. Their views on the concept of self highlights some key differences between the two thinkers. These differences affect the view of freedom for both of them. To Marx, you are a pattern of behaviors.
This is your being, your core. The core cannot be changed. There is, however, a state of constant changes; changes that define the self. We invent ourselves and create who we are through our actions and activities. The Marxist self is located in the reactions between an individual and society. To Marx, the self is simply our human behavior, and it can become whatever we may create it to be through our creative activity. Marx believed that doing and becoming is achieved through creativity and inventing. There is no defined or essential nature to the Marxist self, or "soul". Its nature is created and shaped with the help of its environment and the influence of historical
materialism.

Marx believed that evil was social, structural oppression. A government or ruling figure with complete control and dictation over its subjects or a confining system of structures and classes was wrong to Marx. Marx said that "Necessity is blind until it becomes conscious. Freedom is the consciousness of necessity." He believed that freedom is grasping the concept of being oppressed and wanting and being able to change that fact. It is the ability to understand the conditions that prevent one from flourishing and the ability to change those conditions and overcome alienation. Not only are Marx's views on freedom significant, but his views of the different sorts of people, or different types of classes, in the relation between state and self are very important views in Marxism.

While Marx believed that the self was essentially a ball of clay which one could form and shape through their actions and behaviors, Plato believed in eternal, unchanging forms.
This belief was to help him understand the changes in the world. Form is what makes a person who they are. Matter makes up the form. The form does not change, however the configuration of matter does. Plato viewed the self as your very being. The essence of a being is its inner self. The best form of expression for this self is knowing; the realization of self. This realization can be liked to an "epiphany". This is the sublime moment of self-realization. This self is located in a mixture of body/soul dualism. The self is inside your very being, waiting for that moment of self-realization. To Plato, the self's essential nature is fixed, however, to get down to the basic self, history must be stripped away. The evil, to Plato, is ignorance. If primary expression of self is knowing, then being ignorant or not knowing is the worst state. Not being able to recognize and achieve that moment of self-realization is the evil for Plato. Many will say that Plato is too authoritarian, or order-oriented to provide the freedoms that would be provided from a democracy. This is true, but moreover, Plato simply forces us to confront the forces of self-control, whether it is as an individual or in a political
group.

Both of these men have considerably different opinions on the concept of self and the location of self, however their views on freedom are very similar. They are both concerned with mental freedom as opposed to physical. Freedom for these two men is the attainment of certain pieces of knowledge. To Marx, the grasp of the concept of oppression and realizing that you are being oppressed is the first step. After that, the ability and desire to free oneself from said oppression is freedom. To Plato, freedom is realizing one's true self and understanding your form. Discovering one's form or "place" is the realization of freedom for Plato. To both of these men, freedom relies completely on ones own self, not on outside forces or circumstances. The concept of freedom is simply out there, inherent in each one of us, just waiting to be reached and realized. The idea of freedom for both of these philosophers is just a realization. It is the recognition of something that has been there the whole time. The only difference from a free man and an oppressed man is the mindset.

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