NEWTON’S THIRD LAW AND Tension FORCES
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• To develop an understanding and consequences of Newton's Third Law.
• To consider the characteristics of three different types of passive forces: tension (in strings, ropes, springs, and chains), normal forces (which support objects affected by gravity), and friction.
Overview
You may have learned this statement of Newton’s third law: “To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” What does this sentence mean?
Unlike Newton’s first two laws of motion, which concern only individual objects, the third law describes an interaction between two bodies. For example, what if you pull on your partner’s hand with your hand? Can you pull on your partner without your partner pulling back? The answer turns out to be a definite No! This is because of an essential characteristic of force itself; A force always acts between things, in this case your hand and your partner’s hand. The action referred to in the phrase above is the force applied by your hand, and the reaction is the force that is applied by your partner’s hand. Together, they are known as a force pair
In the mechanistic world view established by Newton, we view the universe as being composed of many separate objects interacting with each other via the exchange of one or more forces between them. To make sense of the massive complexity of the universe, we often focus our attention on a single object at a time, and mentally isolate the object from its environment. Each and every interaction with the environment is then replaced by some type of force. This allows us to