Lab Report To A Buret
The first flask was placed under a buret. Finally we titrated the KHP by adding the base until the end point was reached, which was when it turned pink completely. We repeated this twice and then cleaned up. The procedure does not include very difficult math, however the calculations did. The harder math calculations included finding moles of the acid, moles of the base that was used to neutralize, and the molarity of the base. After all calculations, below is what we concluded. The molarity you had to be careful with because it was moles/liters and our readings were in milliliters so we had to convert first. In conclusion, even though the lab procedure is not about moles, most of the calculations are and this is one lab where the concept of
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moles really sank in. It also showed that it is needed for other calculations that just are not trying to find moles, like when we had to calculate the molarity.
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Mass of KHP
1.24g
1.14g
1.178g
Final Buret Reading
42mL
39mL
39mL
Initial Buret Reading
25mL
25mL
25mL
Volume of based used
17mL
14mL
14mL
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Moles of Acid
0.00607
0.00558
0.00576
Moles of Base Used
0.0060
0.00558
0.00576
Molarity of Base
0.35705
0.39857
0.411428
Lumen Learning posted an article about the Law of Conservation of Matter and how it relates to chemical reactions.
They stated:”This law states that, despite chemical reactions or physical transformations, mass is conserved—that is, it cannot be created or destroyed—within an isolated system. In other words, in a chemical reaction, the mass of the products will always be equal to the mass of the reactants”. This basically means that how much you start with has to be equal to how much you end with. This ties in with the different types of chemical reactions and how you can predict the products for the reactions. Jack Brubaker explained in an article he wrote titled How to Predict Products in Chemical Reactions that the first step is to identify the type of reaction it is. For example, if the compound is first and then it shows the arrow and then the individual components you would know its decomposition. Basically, you analyze what they are giving you and you use a reference to try and figure out the type, and then follow the steps on determining a product. I think the POGIL we did, called Types of Chemical Reactions explained it very good, even if it was difficult to comprehend because they really walked you through it. The first page of the packet gave you a section of different equations and you had to choose from four different types, which kind of reaction it was. On the next page, the first thing was to match a description with what kind of reaction it was. This was really helpful because you could physically see in words what each reaction meant. On the next page, it gave you equations and you had to identify which kind it was again. Throughout the way, there were questions to be answered and you had to really think about them because you had to provide examples. The purpose of the POGIL was not to predict the products, it was more based on determining the kinds of reactions. However, doing a whole packet on that, made it very easy to memorize how to
products were compared to the reactants. If you could figure out something like “with this type, these two just switch” then it became very easy to predict the products for other equations. In conclusion, to predict the products, you must first identify the type of reaction and once you figure that out, then you can determine how to solve for the products based on the type of reaction. Each reaction has to start with a balanced chemical equation. As stated before, chemistry involves math. One of the biggest kinds of math performed in chemistry is called stoichiometry. Stoichiometry starts with balanced equations, and always uses moles. Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. A balanced chemical equation is like a recipe for the relationships among the components in a reaction. The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent the relative quantities of each of the reactants and products involved in the chemical reaction. The coefficient can represent the number of atoms in the reaction, the number of molecules in the reaction, or the number of moles (amount of substance) in the reaction. Stoichiometric calculations allow for the determination of the theoretical amount of a product that can be formed. One can also calculate the precise amount of reagent necessary for a reaction to go to completion without wasting any reagents. These calculations are based on the molar relationships of the reaction components from the balanced chemical equation. Another valuable calculation that can be performed on the basis of formulas in a chemical equation is the percent composition. The percent composition of a compound shows the relative amount of each element present in a compound by mass. In order to calculate the percent composition of an element in a compound, one must first calculate the molar mass of the compound, divide the amount of grams of each element by the total, and multiply by 100. Stoich includes all of this so it is a lot to learn but can become very easy. Balanced equations are the start of stoich. It will tell you what you have, and what you will produce. Once they are balanced, then you will know the coefficients which usually serve as moles. Stoich problems always include moles and that is why you need the balanced equation because once you have that, you can solve for other things using stoich. You can calculate the products and reactants in a reaction by using stoich. An example of a stoich problem could be where you get a certain amount of compound A and you want to find out how much of compound B you will have after the reaction. So you would make sure the equation is balanced as the first step. Then you would convert the amount of A you are given to moles of A using molar mass. Then moles of A to moles of B using the coefficients from the balanced equation. After the moles of B is determined, convert back to grams of B using B’s molar mass. Stoich problems are long, but if you use the units correctly and make them cancel it will become easier. This was just one example of a stouch problem. However, there are many different types of stoich problems that can be calculated. In conclusion to everything learned in chapters seven through twelve, we have learned a wide variety of things. From reactions, to calculations, to learning the mole, we learned a lot. Even though some of it might not look like the same, it is probably closely related. As you can see in the stoich problem above, we had to write an equation, and balance it, use the mole, calculate. Once we were done learning something, it did not go away because we continue to use what we have learned with what we will learn.
moles really sank in. It also showed that it is needed for other calculations that just are not trying to find moles, like when we had to calculate the molarity.
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Mass of KHP
1.24g
1.14g
1.178g
Final Buret Reading
42mL
39mL
39mL
Initial Buret Reading
25mL
25mL
25mL
Volume of based used
17mL
14mL
14mL
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Moles of Acid
0.00607
0.00558
0.00576
Moles of Base Used
0.0060
0.00558
0.00576
Molarity of Base
0.35705
0.39857
0.411428
Lumen Learning posted an article about the Law of Conservation of Matter and how it relates to chemical reactions.
They stated:”This law states that, despite chemical reactions or physical transformations, mass is conserved—that is, it cannot be created or destroyed—within an isolated system. In other words, in a chemical reaction, the mass of the products will always be equal to the mass of the reactants”. This basically means that how much you start with has to be equal to how much you end with. This ties in with the different types of chemical reactions and how you can predict the products for the reactions. Jack Brubaker explained in an article he wrote titled How to Predict Products in Chemical Reactions that the first step is to identify the type of reaction it is. For example, if the compound is first and then it shows the arrow and then the individual components you would know its decomposition. Basically, you analyze what they are giving you and you use a reference to try and figure out the type, and then follow the steps on determining a product. I think the POGIL we did, called Types of Chemical Reactions explained it very good, even if it was difficult to comprehend because they really walked you through it. The first page of the packet gave you a section of different equations and you had to choose from four different types, which kind of reaction it was. On the next page, the first thing was to match a description with what kind of reaction it was. This was really helpful because you could physically see in words what each reaction meant. On the next page, it gave you equations and you had to identify which kind it was again. Throughout the way, there were questions to be answered and you had to really think about them because you had to provide examples. The purpose of the POGIL was not to predict the products, it was more based on determining the kinds of reactions. However, doing a whole packet on that, made it very easy to memorize how to
products were compared to the reactants. If you could figure out something like “with this type, these two just switch” then it became very easy to predict the products for other equations. In conclusion, to predict the products, you must first identify the type of reaction and once you figure that out, then you can determine how to solve for the products based on the type of reaction. Each reaction has to start with a balanced chemical equation. As stated before, chemistry involves math. One of the biggest kinds of math performed in chemistry is called stoichiometry. Stoichiometry starts with balanced equations, and always uses moles. Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. A balanced chemical equation is like a recipe for the relationships among the components in a reaction. The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent the relative quantities of each of the reactants and products involved in the chemical reaction. The coefficient can represent the number of atoms in the reaction, the number of molecules in the reaction, or the number of moles (amount of substance) in the reaction. Stoichiometric calculations allow for the determination of the theoretical amount of a product that can be formed. One can also calculate the precise amount of reagent necessary for a reaction to go to completion without wasting any reagents. These calculations are based on the molar relationships of the reaction components from the balanced chemical equation. Another valuable calculation that can be performed on the basis of formulas in a chemical equation is the percent composition. The percent composition of a compound shows the relative amount of each element present in a compound by mass. In order to calculate the percent composition of an element in a compound, one must first calculate the molar mass of the compound, divide the amount of grams of each element by the total, and multiply by 100. Stoich includes all of this so it is a lot to learn but can become very easy. Balanced equations are the start of stoich. It will tell you what you have, and what you will produce. Once they are balanced, then you will know the coefficients which usually serve as moles. Stoich problems always include moles and that is why you need the balanced equation because once you have that, you can solve for other things using stoich. You can calculate the products and reactants in a reaction by using stoich. An example of a stoich problem could be where you get a certain amount of compound A and you want to find out how much of compound B you will have after the reaction. So you would make sure the equation is balanced as the first step. Then you would convert the amount of A you are given to moles of A using molar mass. Then moles of A to moles of B using the coefficients from the balanced equation. After the moles of B is determined, convert back to grams of B using B’s molar mass. Stoich problems are long, but if you use the units correctly and make them cancel it will become easier. This was just one example of a stouch problem. However, there are many different types of stoich problems that can be calculated. In conclusion to everything learned in chapters seven through twelve, we have learned a wide variety of things. From reactions, to calculations, to learning the mole, we learned a lot. Even though some of it might not look like the same, it is probably closely related. As you can see in the stoich problem above, we had to write an equation, and balance it, use the mole, calculate. Once we were done learning something, it did not go away because we continue to use what we have learned with what we will learn.