Lab Stuff
Lesson 02.08 DBA/Module Exam
Lesson 02.01: Chemistry of Life
· Explain why biological macromolecules are important for everyday life.
Cells make large macromolecules by bonding smaller molecules together into chains called polymers (from the Greek polys, "many," and meris, "part"). Polymers are large molecules composed of many identical or similar subunits called monomers.
There are four categories of biological macromolecules that provide energy and structure to living organisms and their cells. The four types of macromolecules are:
· carbohydrates
· lipids
· proteins
· nucleic acids
· Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. lipids Fat molecules are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. These macromolecules are made up of smaller molecules, one glycerol and three fatty acids, which is why fats are also called triglycerides.
This is an example of a fat molecule. Notice that the three fatty acids are each bonded to the glycerol. The fatty acid molecules may vary in the number of atoms, usually 16 to 18 carbons, and they may have single or double bonds between the carbon atoms.
Fats are stored in the body in fat deposits, which serve as stored energy for the organism. Fat deposits under the skin can also provide insulation for an animal, while fat surrounding vital organs provides protection and cushion for the organs. Although fats, carbohydrates, and proteins all serve as energy sources, digesting fat macromolecules releases much more energy than an equal amount of the others. One gram of fat can provide about 38 kilojoules of energy, compared to around 17 kilojoules of energy from one gram of carbohydrate or protein.Steroids are another category of lipids. The macromolecules in this category all share a similar structure of four linked rings of carbon atoms. proteins They are used for structure, transporting other substances, storage, signaling from one part of an organism to another,
Lesson 02.01: Chemistry of Life
· Explain why biological macromolecules are important for everyday life.
Cells make large macromolecules by bonding smaller molecules together into chains called polymers (from the Greek polys, "many," and meris, "part"). Polymers are large molecules composed of many identical or similar subunits called monomers.
There are four categories of biological macromolecules that provide energy and structure to living organisms and their cells. The four types of macromolecules are:
· carbohydrates
· lipids
· proteins
· nucleic acids
· Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. lipids Fat molecules are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. These macromolecules are made up of smaller molecules, one glycerol and three fatty acids, which is why fats are also called triglycerides.
This is an example of a fat molecule. Notice that the three fatty acids are each bonded to the glycerol. The fatty acid molecules may vary in the number of atoms, usually 16 to 18 carbons, and they may have single or double bonds between the carbon atoms.
Fats are stored in the body in fat deposits, which serve as stored energy for the organism. Fat deposits under the skin can also provide insulation for an animal, while fat surrounding vital organs provides protection and cushion for the organs. Although fats, carbohydrates, and proteins all serve as energy sources, digesting fat macromolecules releases much more energy than an equal amount of the others. One gram of fat can provide about 38 kilojoules of energy, compared to around 17 kilojoules of energy from one gram of carbohydrate or protein.Steroids are another category of lipids. The macromolecules in this category all share a similar structure of four linked rings of carbon atoms. proteins They are used for structure, transporting other substances, storage, signaling from one part of an organism to another,