Name of leader: Tokugawa leyasu
Lifespan: 1543-1616
Title: Shogun
Country/region: Japan
Years in power: 13years
Political, social, and economic conditions prior to leader gaining power:
The Ashikaga Shogunate ruled Japan from 1336-1573
Weak puppet emperors were placed on the throne, and the bushi vassals (regional warrior leaders in Japan who ruled small kingdoms and administered laws, collected revenues, built up private armies, etc.) were free to destroy any local rivals or seize land from peasants, the old aristocracy or competing warlords, creating political turmoil.
The rising power of the bushi led to decline in power of the court aristocracy and a rise in power for the samurai.
Civil wars were common, with a full-scale war breaking out during 1467-1477 when rival heirs fought to claim the shogunate with the support of warlords.
Warlords continued to gain power, with Japan divided into 300 little kingdoms ruled by daimyos (warlord rulers).
In 1573, Nobunaga overthrew the last Ashikaga shogun and unified most of Honshu (the largest and central island of Japan) by the 1580s.
After Nobunaga was killed, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Nobunaga’s general, rose to power. He continued Nobunaga’s campaign and created a system of alliances with the daimyos so he could crush any other resisting opposition. Hideyoshi was the military master of Japan by 1590
In the 1540s, the first Europeans arrived, bringing their religion (Christianity) and new goods (clocks, firearms, printing presses, etc.)
After Nobunaga’s death, most of the militant Buddhist groups were crushed, and alarming reports that converts were refusing to obey their overlords made Hideyoshi very skeptical of the religion. Hideyoshi ordered the Christian missionaries to leave and was persecuting Christians and missionaries by the 1590s.
The Japanese exchanged copper, silver, pottery and lacquer ware for goods from Indian (like cotton cloth), China (like silks and