Leadership

Ch 9 Leadership--occurs when particular individuals exert influence on goal achievement of others in organizational context> Strategic leadership refers to leader's "ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initiate changes that will create a viable future in the organization.
Research on leadership traits> traits are personal characteristics of the individual, including physical charactersitics, intellectual ability, and personality. Research has shown that many traits are not associated with whether people become leaders. Research also shows that some traits are associated with leadership (intelligence, energy, self confidence, dominance, motivation to lead, emotional stability, honesty, integrity, need for achievement) --Limitations to trait approach-difficult to determine whether traits make the leader or whether leadership helps develop the traits, also failure to take into account the situation in which leadership occurs>>>>> Trait approach mainly concerned with what leaders bring to a group setting, does not consider what leaders do in a group setting
Consideration is the extent to which a leader is approachable and shows personal concern for employees-friendly and considerate. Initiating structure is the degree to which a leader concentrates on group goal attainment>clearly defines and organizes his role and role of followers, stresses standard procedures, schedules work to be done, and assigns employees tasks.. Research shows that consideration and initiating structure both contribute positively to employee motivation, job satisfaction, leader effectiveness. Consideration tends to be more strongly related to follower satisfaction, motivation, leader effectivess, initiating structure more strongly related to job performance and group performance (when high degree of pressure due to deadlines etc, initiating structure increases satisfaction+performance>>when task is intrinsically satisying, the