leadership definitions
Leadership definitions
There are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are persons who have attempted to define the concept (Bass, 1981).
1. Leadership may be considered as the process (act) of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement. (Stogdill, 1950: 3)
2. Leadership is the behavior of an individual when he is directing the activities of a group toward a shared goal. (Hemphill & Coons, 1957: 7)
3. Leadership is the accomplishment of a goal through the direction of human assistants. A leader is one who successfully marshals his human collaborators to achieve particular ends. (Prentice, 1961: 143)
4. Leadership is interpersonal influence, exercised in a situation, and directed, through the communication process, toward the attainment of a specified goal or goals. (Tannenbaum, Weschler & Massarik, 1961: 24)
5. Leadership is the initiation and maintenance of structure in expectation and interaction. (Stogdill, 1974: 411)
6. Leadership is a process of influence between a leader and those who are followers. (Hollander, 1978: 1)
7. Leadership is the influential increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organization. (Katz & Kahn, 1978: 528)
8. Leadership is an influence process that enables managers to get their people to do willingly what must be done, do well what ought to be done. (Cribbin, 1981)
9. Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organized group toward goal achievement. (Rauch & Behling, 1984: 46)
10. Leadership is an attempt at influencing the activities of followers through the communication process and toward the attainment of some goal or goals. (Donelly, Ivancevich & Gibson, 1985: 362)
11. Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in efforts toward goal achievement in a given situation. (Hersey & Blanchard, 1988: 86)
12. Leaders are those who
There are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are persons who have attempted to define the concept (Bass, 1981).
1. Leadership may be considered as the process (act) of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement. (Stogdill, 1950: 3)
2. Leadership is the behavior of an individual when he is directing the activities of a group toward a shared goal. (Hemphill & Coons, 1957: 7)
3. Leadership is the accomplishment of a goal through the direction of human assistants. A leader is one who successfully marshals his human collaborators to achieve particular ends. (Prentice, 1961: 143)
4. Leadership is interpersonal influence, exercised in a situation, and directed, through the communication process, toward the attainment of a specified goal or goals. (Tannenbaum, Weschler & Massarik, 1961: 24)
5. Leadership is the initiation and maintenance of structure in expectation and interaction. (Stogdill, 1974: 411)
6. Leadership is a process of influence between a leader and those who are followers. (Hollander, 1978: 1)
7. Leadership is the influential increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organization. (Katz & Kahn, 1978: 528)
8. Leadership is an influence process that enables managers to get their people to do willingly what must be done, do well what ought to be done. (Cribbin, 1981)
9. Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organized group toward goal achievement. (Rauch & Behling, 1984: 46)
10. Leadership is an attempt at influencing the activities of followers through the communication process and toward the attainment of some goal or goals. (Donelly, Ivancevich & Gibson, 1985: 362)
11. Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in efforts toward goal achievement in a given situation. (Hersey & Blanchard, 1988: 86)
12. Leaders are those who
References: Bass, B. M. (1981). Stodgill’s handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York: Free Press. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass and Stogdill’s handbook of leadership: Theory, research and managerial applications. New York: Free Press. Batten, J. D. (1989). Tough-minded leadership. New York: AMACOM. Cohen, W. A. (1990). The art of a leader. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Jossey-Bass. Conger, J. A. (1992). Learning to lead. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Cribbin, J.J. (1981). Leadership: strategies for organizational effectiveness. New York: AMACOM. Donelly, J. H., Ivancevich, J. M. & Gibson, J. L. (1985). Organizations: behavior, structure, processes 5th ed. Plano, Texas: Business Publications Inc. Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. (1988). Management of organizational behavior. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Hollander, E. P. (1978). Leadership dynamics: A practical guide to effective relationships. New York: Free Press. Hosking, D. M. (1988). Organizing, leadership, and skilful process. Journal of Management Studies, 25, pp. 147-166. Jacobs, T. O., & Jaques, E. (1990). Military executive leadership. In K. E. Clark and M. B. Clark (Eds.), Measures of leadership. West Orange, New Jersey: Leadership Library of America, pp 281-295. Jaques, E., & Clement, S. D. (1994). Executive leadership: a practical guide to managing complexity. Cambridge, MA: Carson-Hall. Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). Social psychology of organizations, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley. Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (1995). The leadership challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Prentice, W. C. H. (19610. Understanding leadership. Harvard Business Review. September/October, Vol. 39 No. 5s p 143. Stogdill, R. M. (1950). Leadership, membership and organization. Psychological bulletin. 47, pp 1-14. Stogdill, R. M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of the literature. New York: Free Press. Tannenbaum, R., Weschler, I. R., & Massarik, F. (1961). Leadership and organization. New York: McGraw-Hill. Zalenik, A. (1992). Managers and leaders: are they different? Harvard Business Review. March/April, p 126.